Whistleblowing Library

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Whistleblower	CBS	video	Whistleblower takes a thrilling look into the real-life David vs. Goliath stories of heroic people who put everything on the line in order to expose...	2018
The Opioid Epidemic: Who is to Blame?	60 Minutes Overtime	video	Doctors, distributors, drug lobbyists, the FDA- who is responsible for the scourge of opioid addictions? 60 Minutes has spent two years investigating” (Description from 60...	February 24, 2019
The Ethics of Whistle-Blowing	PBS	video	Is Edward Snowden a hero for revealing government wrongdoing, or a traitor for leaking classified information? Correspondent Lucky Severson reports on the debate over the...	February 14, 2014
United States of Secrets	Michael Kirk	video	FRONTLINE goes behind the headlines to reveal the dramatic inside story of the U.S. government’s massive and controversial secret surveillance program–and the lengths they went...	May 13, 2014
Ex-DEA Agent: Opioid crisis Fueled by Drug Industry and Congress	60 Minutes	video	Whistleblower Joe Rannazzisi says drug distributors pumped opioids into U.S. communities—knowing that people were dying—and says industry lobbyists and Congress derailed the DEA’s efforts to...	October 15, 2017
Here's how the Constitution protects leakers and whistleblowers	Jenny Starrs	video	The White House is pledging to crack down on leakers, but there are ways to blow the whistle and disclose information lawfully (Description by The...	August 4, 2017
The Dangers of Willful Blindness	Margaret Heffernan	video	Gayla Benefield was just doing her job -- until she uncovered an awful secret about her hometown that meant its mortality rate was 80 times...	March 2013
What is a whistleblower: How to be a journalist	Libby Casey	video	Whistleblowers such as Daniel Ellsberg take personal risks to expose wrongdoing. (Description by The Washington Post)	N/A
Sunshine Week 2018: How Public Information Officers Limit Media Access	The National Press Club	video	In honor of Sunshine Week, the National Press Club's Press Freedom Committee hosted an evening panel discussion on March 14, 2018 to examine how the...	March 14, 2018
Truth Be Told: Reflections from Whistleblowers - State Farm Ethics Lecture	Nebraska College of Business - New Media	video	The 2017 State Farm Ethics lecture, presented by the College of Business, the College of Law, and the College of Journalism and Mass Communications. Features...	September 21, 2017
Whistleblower Protection and the Truth: Linked intimately	TEDx Talks	video	Tom Devine discusses the critical importance of the first amendment for and solidarity with whistle blowers, whose actions change the course of history. He gives...	September 15, 2016
The Most Dangerous Man In America: Daniel Ellsberg and the Pentagon Papers	Judith Ehrlich, Rick Goldsmith	video	In 1971, Daniel Ellsberg, a leading Vietnam War strategist, concludes that America's role in the war is based on decades of lies. He leaks 7,000...	2009
The Whistleblower	Larysa Kondracki	video	A drama based on the experiences of Kathryn Bolkovac, a Nebraska cop who served as a peacekeeper in post-war Bosnia and outed the U.N. for...	2010
War on Whistleblowers: Free Press and the National Security State	Robert Greenwald	video	War on Whistleblowers: Free Press and the National Security State highlights four cases where whistleblowers noticed government wrong-doing and took to the media to expose...	2013
Getting the public involved in Whistleblowing	TEDx Talks	video	Louis Clark is both a lawyer serving as President and Financial Accountability Director of the Government Accountability Project (GAP) and a Methodist minister. In his...	September 12, 2016
Snowden	Oliver Stone	video	The NSA's illegal surveillance techniques are leaked to the public by one of the agency's employees, Edward Snowden, in the form of thousands of classified...	2016
The Informant	Steven Soderbergh	video	Mark Whitacre (Matt Damon), a rising star at agri-industry giant Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), suddenly turns whistleblower. Even as he exposes his company’s multi-national price-fixing conspiracy...	2009
The Insider	Michael Mann	video	A research chemist comes under personal and professional attack when he decides to appear in a 60 Minutes expose on Big Tobacco. (Description from IMDb)	1999
The Constant Gardener	Fernando Meirelles	video	A widower is determined to get to the bottom of a potentially explosive secret involving his wife's murder, big business, and corporate corruption. (Description from...	2005
Silkwood	Mike Nichols	video	A worker at a plutonium processing plant is purposefully contaminated, psychologically tortured and possibly murdered to prevent her from exposing worker safety violations at the...	1983
Silenced	Loren Feldman	video	In Academy Award nominee James Spione's riveting documentary, three national security whistle-blowers fight to reveal the darkest corners of America's war on terror--including CIA torture...	2016
Serpico	Sidney Lumet	video	An honest New York cop named Frank Serpico blows the whistle on rampant corruption in the force only to have his comrades turn against him....	1973
Food, Inc.	Robert Kenner	video	An unflattering look inside America's corporate controlled food industry. (Description from IMDb)	2009
All The President's Men	Alan J. Pakula	video	The Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein uncover the details of the Watergate scandal that leads to President Richard Nixon's resignation. (Description from...	1976
Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room	Alex Gibney	video	A documentary about the Enron corporation, its faulty and corrupt business practices, and how they led to its fall. (Description from IMDb)	2005

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Citizenfour	Laura Poitras	video	CITIZENFOUR is a real life thriller, unfolding by the minute, giving audiences unprecedented access to filmmaker Laura Poitras and journalist Glenn Greenwald’s encounters with Edward...	2014
A Good American	Freidrich Moser	video	A Good American is a gripping docu-thriller about a groundbreaking surveillance program, the brilliant mastermind behind it and how a perfect alternative to mass surveillance...	2015
Department of Housing and Urban Development--Application of Section 713 of the Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2012 (Reconsideration)	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) appropriation was not available to pay the salaries of HUD officials, in circumstances where the communications between...	April 5, 2016
[Decision Concerning IRS Employee's Entitlement to Reimbursement for Attorney Fees]	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) requested a decision regarding an employee's claim for reimbursement for attorney fees he incurred pursuant to a grievance. The claimant...	April 4, 1989
Civil Service Reform After Two Years: Some Initial Problems Resolved but Serious Concerns Remain	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	The Civil Service Reform Act requires GAO to submit annual reports to the President and Congress on significant activities of the Office of Personnel Management...	November 10, 1981
Merit Systems Protection Board and Office of Special Counsel	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	GAO is required by legislation to prepare and submit an annual report to the President and to Congress on the activities of the Merit Systems...	May 8, 1979
First-Year Activities of the Merit Systems Protection Board and the Office of the Special Counsel	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	During their first year of operations, the Merit Systems Protection Board and the Office of Special Counsel were hindered in carrying out their functions by...	June 9, 1980
Environmental Protection: Allegations by EPA Employees	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on a letter published in the Washington Times by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) employees and others having...	January 29, 1999
Tax Administration: IRS' Progress on Integrity and Ethics Issues	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	GAO discussed the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) progress in responding to ethics and integrity issues. GAO noted that IRS: (1) published hotline numbers and informed...	July 22, 1992
[NRC Employee's Claim for Attorney Fees]	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) requested a decision regarding the inclusion of an employee's attorney's fees as part of its grievance settlement. GAO held that:...	July 19, 1993
Committee on Governmnetal Affairs: Alleged Senate Compromise of NASA Complainant's Identity	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on an alleged unauthorized disclosure of nonclassified congressional information, focusing on whether Senate committee office staff compromised...	July 1, 1994
Security of Case Files at Office of Special Counsel	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	The Office of Special Counsel is required to maintain the confidentiality of whistleblowers. An evaluation was made of the physical security procedures currently used for...	August 1, 1979
U.S. Office of Special Counsel: Strategy for Reducing Persistent Backlog of Cases Should Be Provided to Congress	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	The U.S. Office of Special Counsel has not been consistently processing cases within statutory time limits, creating backlogs. Because the backlogs are of concern to...	April 7, 2004
GAO 2018-2023 STRATEGIC PLAN: Key Efforts	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	As part of GAO's 2018-2023 Strategic Plan, our Key Efforts denote substantial areas of focus and bodies of work that will contribute to the successful...	February 22, 2018
Freedom of Information Act: Agencies Are Implementing Requirements but Need to Take Additional Actions	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	In its draft report, GAO determined that all 18 selected agencies had implemented three of six Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requirements reviewed. Specifically, all...	March 13, 2018
Freedom of Information Act: Federal Court Decisions Have Not Required the Office of Special Counsel to Initiate Disciplinary Actions for the Improper Withholding of Records	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	According to available information and officials of the Department of Justice (Justice) and the Office of Special Counsel (OSC), since fiscal year 2008, no court...	March 13, 2019
Office of the Special Counsel, Merit Systems Protection Board	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Testimony was given concerning protections against reprisals available to government whistleblowers. GAO reviewed personnel action complaints filed with the Office of the Special Counsel for...	May 15, 1985
High-Risk Series: Urgent Actions Are Needed to Address Cybersecurity Challenges Facing the Nation	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	GAO has identified four major cybersecurity challenges and 10 critical actions that the federal government and other entities need to take to address them. GAO...	July 25, 2018
Semiannual Report to Congress, October 1, 2017, through March 31, 2018	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	This is a publication by GAO's Inspector General that concerns internal GAO operations. This report was submitted to the Comptroller General in accordance with Section...	April 20, 2018
Freedom of Information Act: Agencies Are Implementing Requirements but Additional Actions Are Needed	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	All 18 selected agencies had implemented three of six Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requirements reviewed. Specifically, all agencies had updated response letters to inform...	June 25, 2018
Critical Infrastructure Protection: DHS Should Take Actions to Measure Reduction in Chemical Facility Vulnerability and Share Information with First Responders	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Since 2013, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has strengthened its processes for identifying high-risk chemical facilities and assigning them to tiers under its Chemical...	August 8, 2018
Federal Employee Misconduct: Actions Needed to Ensure Agencies Have Tools to Effectively Address Misconduct	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Chapter 75 of title 5 of the U.S. Code specifies the formal legal process that most agencies must follow when taking adverse actions, i.e., suspensions,...	July 16, 2016
Small Business Contracting: Surety Bond Waivers for Construction Contracts	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Federal law requires contractors executing federal construction contracts that exceed $150,000 to obtain two types of surety bonds: payment bonds, which guarantee that suppliers and...	August 7, 2017
High-Risk Series: Urgent Actions Are Needed to Address Cybersecurity Challenges Facing the Nation	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	GAO has identified four major cybersecurity challenges and 10 critical actions that the federal government and other entities need to take to address them. GAO...	September 6, 2018
Social Security Administration: Applicability of the Congressional Review Act to Sections of the Hearings, Appeals, and Litigation Law Manual	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	In response to a letter from Representative Jason Smith, GAO issued an opinion on whether two sections of the Social Security Administration's Hearings, Appeals, and...	September 10, 2018

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Chemical Terrorism: A Strategy and Implementation Plan Would Help DHS Better Manage Fragmented Chemical Defense Programs and Activities	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Recent attacks using chemical agents abroad have sparked concerns about potential similar attacks occurring in the United States. What is the Department of Homeland Security...	August 22, 2018
Office of Financial Research: Observations on GAO Access to Information on Programs and Activities	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	GAO has broad statutory authority to audit and evaluate agency transactions, programs, and activities, as well as a broad statutory right of access to agency...	December 7, 2017
U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission--Customer Protection Fund	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	The U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Commission) administers the Customer Protection Fund, which is available for the payment of awards to eligible whistleblowers, and the...	November 8, 2018
Financial Audit: Federal Housing Finance Agency's Fiscal Years 2018 and 2017 Financial Statements	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	GAO found (1) the Federal Housing Finance Agency's (FHFA) financial statements as of and for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, are...	November 15, 2018
Department of Veterans Affairs: Actions Needed to Address Employee Misconduct Process and Ensure Accountability	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Employee misconduct at VA's medical facilities can have serious consequences for veterans. We looked at how VA deals with employee misconduct and found several opportunities...	July 19, 2018
Semiannual Report to Congress, April 1, 2018, through September 30, 2018	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	This is a publication by GAO's Inspector General that concerns internal GAO operations. This report was submitted to the Comptroller General in accordance with Section...	October 18, 2018
Advancing Technology Systems II	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Advancing Technology Systems II (ATS), a small business located in Warren, Michigan, challenges the cancellation of request for proposals (RFP) No. W56HZV-16-R-L102, issued by the...	December 10, 2018
Financial Audit: Securities and Exchange Commission's Fiscal Years 2018 and 2017 Financial Statements	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	GAO found (1) the United States Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) and its Investor Protection Fund’s (IPF) financial statements as of and for the fiscal...	November 15, 2018
H.R. 2985, Bill To Protect the Jobs of Nonappropriated Fund Whistleblowers	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	GAO supports H.R. 2985, a bill to provide employment protection to nonappropriated fund employees in the Department of Defense (DOD) post exchange system who report...	September 23, 1981
Whistleblowers: Management of the Program to Protect Trucking Company Employees Against Reprisal	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) management of the Whistleblower Protection Program for trucking company employees who...	September 22, 1988
Criminal Cartel Enforcement: Stakeholder Views on Impact of 2004 Antitrust Reform Are Mixed, but Support Whistleblower Protection	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Criminal cartel activity, such as competitors conspiring to set prices, can harm consumers and the U.S. economy through lack of competition and overcharges. The Department...	July 25, 2011
Large Bank Supervision: OCC Could Better Address Risk of Regulatory Capture	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Regulatory capture” is when regulators act in the interest of the industry they’re regulating, rather than in service of the public good. This can be...	January 24, 2019
The Office of the Special Counsel Can Improve Its Management of Whistleblower Cases	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	A review was undertaken of the Office of the Special Counsel, within the Merit Systems Protection Board, to determine how the Office is implementing its...	December 30, 1980
Whistleblower Complainants Rarely Qualify for Office of the Special Counsel Protection	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	In response to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the responsiveness of the Merit Systems Protection Board's (MSPB) Office of the Special Counsel to the complaints...	May 10, 1985
Critical Infrastructure Protection: Progress and Challenges in DHS's Management of Its Chemical Facility Security Program GAO-19-402T	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Thousands of U.S. facilities handle hazardous chemicals and could be targets for terrorists—e.g., the chemicals could be stolen and used to build explosive devices. The...	February 27, 2019
Attorney's Fees Settlement of Grievance Whistleblower Protection Act 72 Comp.Gen. 289	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	The answer is no. The employee filed a formal grievance under the agency's internal grievance procedures (which are discussed below) alleging that the detail violated...	July 19, 1993
The Federal Workforce: Observations on Protections From Discrimination and Reprisal for Whistleblowing	No Attribution	report	Federal employees who report waste, fraud, and abuse shouldn't have to fear discrimination and retaliation. Despite laws designed to protect whistleblowers, some have experienced or...	May 9, 2001
Whistleblower Protection: Survey of Federal Employees on Misconduct and Protection From Reprisal	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the federal government's processing of whistleblower reprisal complaints and the Office of Special Counsel's (OSC) effectiveness in protecting...	July 14, 1992
Whistleblower Protection Program: Better Data and Improved Oversight Would Help Ensure Program Quality and Consistency	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Workers who blow the whistle on prohibited practices play a role in enforcing federal laws, but these workers risk reprisals from their employers. The Whistleblower...	February 26, 2009
Whistleblower Protection: VA Did Little Until Recently to Inform Employees About Their Rights	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the Department of Veterans Affairs' (VA) whistleblower protection, focusing on the: (1) actions VA has taken...	April 14, 2000
Tax Whistleblowers: Incomplete Data Hinders IRS's Ability to Manage Claim Processing Time and Enhance External Communication	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	The Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 expanded the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) whistleblower program, increasing rewards for submitting information on others' tax...	August 10, 2011
Priority Open Reccomendations: Department of Veterans Affairs	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Each year, we make more than 1,000 recommendations to help improve the federal government. We alert department heads to our recommendations that can save the...	March 28, 2019
Whistleblower Protection: Sustained Management Attention Needed to Address Long-standing Program Weaknesses	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Workers who blow the whistle on prohibited or unlawful practices that they discover during their employment can play an important role in the enforcement of...	August 17, 2010
Priority Open Reccomendations: Department of Energy	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Each year, we make more than 1,000 recommendations to help improve the federal government. We alert department heads to the recommendations where they can save...	April 10, 2019
Priority Open Reccomendations: Department of Justice	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Each year, we make more than 1,000 recommendations to help improve the federal government. We alert department heads to the recommendations where they can save...	April 17, 2019

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Whistleblower Protection: DOD Has Improved Oversight for Reprisal Investigations but Can Take Additional Actions to Standardize Process and Reporting	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	The Department of Defense Office of Inspector General (DODIG) has taken actions to improve its tracking of the timeliness of military whistleblower reprisal investigations in...	September 7, 2016
Whistleblower Protection Program: Opportunities Exist for OSHA and DOT to Strengthen Collaborative Mechanisms	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has taken steps to include auto industry employees in its Whistleblower Protection Program and has coordinated with the...	March 19, 2014
Whistleblower Protection: Additional Actions Needed to Improve DOJ's Handling of FBI Retaliation Complaints	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	The Department of Justice (DOJ) closed 44 of the 62 (71 percent) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) whistleblower retaliation complaints we reviewed within 1 year,...	January 23, 2015
Whistleblower Protection: Additional Actions Needed to Improve DOJ's Handling of FBI Retaliation Complaints	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	The Department of Justice (DOJ) closed 44 of the 62 (71 percent) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) whistleblower retaliation complaints we reviewed within 1 year,...	March 4, 2015
Semiannual Report to Congress: October 1, 2018 through March 31, 2019	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	This is a publication by GAO's Inspector General that concerns internal GAO operations. This report was submitted to the Comptroller General in accordance with Section...	April 26, 2019
Army's Handling of Whistleblower's Contract Allegations and the MSPB Investigation	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	In response to a congressional request, GAO reviewed Army actions against an employee, resulting from his allegations of improprieties in an Army contract and the...	May 23, 1983
Whistleblower Protection: Impediments to the Protection of Military Members	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Department of Defense's (DOD) implementation of the Military Whistleblower Protection Act, which prohibits supervisors from taking retaliatory...	June 8, 1992
Whistleblower Protection: Determining Whether Reprisal Occured Remains Difficult	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the processing of whistleblower reprisal complaints and the Office of Special Counsel's (OSC) protection of whistleblowers from reprisals....	November 30, 1992
Nuclear Power Safety: Industry Concerns With Federal Whistleblower Protection System HEHS-97-162	No Attribution	report	Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the nuclear power industries' concerns with the federal whistleblower protection system, focusing on: (1) how the Nuclear Regulation...	September 2, 1997
Whistleblower Protection: Continuing Impediments to Protection of Military Members	U.S. Government Accountability Office	report	Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the reprisal protection given to military whistleblowers, focusing on whether: (1) the system provides effective means for the...	February 2, 1995
Critical Infrastructure Protection: Improvements Needed for DHS's Chemical Facility Whistleblower Report Process GAO-16-572	No Attribution	report	Of the 105 reports that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) received under its interim process for whistleblowers from June 16, 2015 (the date DHS...	July 12, 2016
Whistleblower Protection: Opportunities Exist for DOD to Improve the Timeliness and Quality of Civilian and Contractor Reprisal Investigations GAO-17-506	No Attribution	report	The Department of Defense Office of Inspector General (DODIG) did not meet statutory or internal timeliness goals for more than 83 percent of the Department...	September 29, 2017
Contractor Whistleblower Protections Pilot Program: Improvements Needed to Ensure Effective Implementation GAO-17-227	No Attribution	report	The Whistleblower Protections Pilot Program (pilot program) provides enhanced legal protections to contractor employees who believe that they have experienced reprisal as a result of...	March 2, 2017
Whistleblower Protection: Additional Actions Would Improve Recording and Reporting of Appeals Data GAO-17-110	No Attribution	report	Of the two types of whistleblower appeals—individual right of action (IRA) and otherwise appealable action (OAA)—Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) data show higher numbers of...	November 28, 2016
Whistleblower Protection: Agencies' Implementation of the Whistleblower Statutes Has Been Mixed GGD-93-66	No Attribution	report	Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the federal government's processing of whistleblower reprisal complaints and the Office of Special Counsel's (OSC) effectiveness in protecting...	March 25, 1993
Whistleblower Protection: Reasons for Whistleblower Complainants' Dissatisfaction Need To Be Explored GGD-94-21	No Attribution	report	Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO examined federal employees' views on the Office of Special Counsel's (OSC) processing of whistleblower reprisal complaints and effectiveness in...	November 15, 1993
Scientific Integrity Policies: Additional Actions Could Strengthen Integrity of Federal Research GAO-19-265	No Attribution	report	The nine selected agencies GAO reviewed have taken various actions to help achieve the objectives of their scientific integrity policies in three areas: (1) Educating...	April 4, 2019
Whistleblower Protection: Actions Needed to Improve DOD's Military Whistleblower Reprisal Program GAO-12-362	No Attribution	report	DODIG has taken multiple steps, in collaboration with the service IGs in some instances, to improve DOD’s ability to process military whistleblower reprisal cases in...	February 22, 2012
Office of Special Counsel: Actions Needed to Improve Processing of Prohibited Personnel Practice and Whistleblower Disclosure Cases GAO-18-400	No Attribution	report	Between fiscal years 2011 and 2016, the number of prohibited personnel practice (PPP) and whistleblower disclosure cases the Office of Special Counsel (OSC) received from...	June 14, 2018
VA Management Challenges: Actions Needed to Improve Management and Oversight of VA Operations GAO-19-422R	No Attribution	report	The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is responsible for providing benefits, including health care to over 9 million enrolled veterans, as well as various types...	April 10, 2019
Whistleblower Protection: DOD Needs to Enhance Oversight of Military Whistleblower Reprisal Investigations GAO-15-477	No Attribution	report	The Department of Defense (DOD) did not meet statutory military whistleblower reprisal 180-day notification requirements in about half of reprisal investigations closed in fiscal year...	May 7, 2015
NASA Contractor Whistleblowers: Steps Taken to Implement Program but Improvements to Timeliness and Guidance Needed GAO-18-262	No Attribution	report	From 2008 through June 2017, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) contractor and grantee employees submitted 48 reprisal complaints such as alleged firing or demotion...	March 8, 2018
Whistleblower Program: IRS Needs to Improve Data Controls for Some Award Determinations GAO-18-698	No Attribution	report	Prior to February 9, 2018, when Congress enacted a statutory change requiring the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to include penalties for Report of Foreign Bank...	September 28, 2018
IRS Whistleblower Program: Billions Collected, but Timeliness and Communication Concerns May Discourage Whistleblowers GAO-16-20	No Attribution	report	The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Whistleblower Office (WO) is responsible for processing thousands of tax whistleblower claims annually for two related whistleblower programs: for claims...	October 29, 2015
Depart of Energy: Whistleblower Protections Need Strengthening GAO-16-618	No Attribution	report	The Department of Energy (DOE) has used a combination of independent reviews and contractor self-assessments to evaluate the openness of the environment for raising safety...	July 11, 2016

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Whistleblower Protection: Analysis of DOD's Actions to Improve Case Timeliness and Safeguard Confidentiality GAO-19-19	United States Governement Accountability Office	report	The Department of Defense Office of Inspector General (DODIG) and military service offices of inspector general (IG) met some but not all fiscal year 2018...	March 7, 2019
Whistleblowers: Key Practices for Congress to Consider When Receiving and Referring Information GAO-19-432	United States Governement Accountability Office	report	The Congress receives whistleblower information in multiple ways. Congressional staff and advocacy groups said whistleblowers who contact the Congress typically reach out to oversight committees,...	May 7, 2019
Systematic Injustice: Hanford Workers’ Compensation Program	Lea Mitchell	report	Documents the Department of Energy’s interference with Hanford workers’ compensation claims. Supplies update on conditions and provides remedies. (Summary by Government Accountability Project)	August 2006
The Jungle 2000: Is America’s Food Fit to Eat?	Felicia Nestor, Wenonah Hauter	report	Government Accountability Project and Public Citizen document the experience of USDA inspectors as meat processors began to implement HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points)...	September 2000
Hamburger Hell: The Flip Side of USDA’s Salmonella Testing Program	Felicia Nestor, Patty Lovera	report	Government Accountability Project and Public Citizen document flaws in the implementation of USDA’s salmonella testing program. (Summary by Government Accountability Project)	2002
Shielding the Giant	Tom Devine	report	Investigative report records USDA’s failure to act on evidence that ConAgra was shipping E. coli contaminated ground beef. (Summary by Government Accountability Project)	2003
Review of the Department of Institutional Integrity at the World Bank	Beatrice Edwards, Truman Morrison	report	Reviews the World Bank’s Department of Institutional Integrity (INT) and its practices from 2005-2007 and documents several immediate and long-term problems at INT. (Summary by...	September 5, 2007
Atmosphere of Pressure: Political Interference in Federal Climate Science	Timothy Donaghy, Jennifer Freeman, Francesca Grifo, Karly Kaufman, Tarek Maassarani, Lexi Shultz	report	Government Accountability Project and the Union of Concerned Scientists uncover new evidence of widespread political interference in federal climate science. (Summary by Government Accountability Project)	February 2007
Redacting the Science of Climate Change	Tarek Maassarani	report	Findings of a yearlong investigation into political interference at federal climate science agencies. (Summary by Government Accountability Project)	March 2007
Office of Staff Legal Assistance Proposal for the United Nations	Beatrice Edwards, Shelley Walden	report	Discusses possible models and recommendations for the proposed UN Office of Staff Legal Assistance (OSLA), using national and international precedents as a guide. (Summary by...	November 8, 2007
Privatization & Corruption – The World Bank and Azerbaijan	Government Accountability Project	report	Exposes the World Bank’s role in the widespread corruption surrounding privatization in Azerbaijan during the late 1990’s. (Summary by Government Accountability Project)	August 8, 2008
Plundering the Yerevan Water Utility	Government Accountability Project	report	Investigates allegations of corruption in the World Bank-funded Municipal Development Project (MDP) in Yerevan, Armenia. (Summary by Government Accountability Project)	August 2008
Risky Appropriations: Gambling US Energy Policy on the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership	David A. Schlissel, Robert Alvarez, Peter Bradford	report	Details the severe shortcomings and false assertions posed in the Global Energy Nuclear Partnership (GNEP). (Summary by Government Accountability Project)	January 2008
Running the Gauntlet – The Campaign for Credible Corporate Whistleblower Rights	Tom Devine, Tarek Maassarani	report	Surveys the dangerous landscape of corporate whistleblower laws, and recommends strategies for corporate whistleblowers to best protect themselves from future retaliation. (Summary by Government Accountability...	September 2008
The Foundation for the Future: What FOIA Documents Reveal	Government Accountability Project	report	Exposes the highly irregular manner in which the Foundation for the Future (FFF) – an obscure project funded by the U.S. Department of State –...	July 2010
Lack of Security for World Bank Staff and Consultant	Government Accountability Project	report	Documents the lack of security for World Bank staff and consultants, based on the experience of an International Finance Corporation (IFC) employee. (Summary by Government...	March 2010
The IDB, Poverty and Racial Discrimination	Beatrice Edwards, Shelley Walden	report	Shows the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the most important multilateral lender to Latin America, fails to promote racial equality adequately. The issue affects the identification,...	October 27, 2009
Corrupt Privatization Does Not Deter IMF Lending to Sri Lanka	No Attribution	report	Government Accountability Project and Consultants 21 Limited, Colombo, Sri Lanka, report on the International Monetary Fund’s continued lending to Sri Lanka to reverse declines in...	July 2009
Racial Discrimination at the World Bank: A Review of the Treatment of Black Employees in Recruitment, Retention and Justice Decisions	Shelley Walden, Beatrice Edwards	report	Investigates and finds evidence of racial discrimination against black professional grade employees at the World Bank. The report, which documents the treatment of these employees...	June 9, 2009
Whistleblower Witch Hunts: The Smokescreen Syndrome	Shanna Devine, Tom Devine, Jonathan Cantu, Kasey Dunton, Jeffrey Gulley, Rebecca and Jones	report	Exposes illegal tactics widely used by federal authorities to silence employees who call attention to security lapses, dangers to the public, and abuses of power...	November 2010
How the World Bank’s Peer Review Services Deny Staff the Right to a Fair Hearing	Shelley Walden, Jacob Cavallo, Bea Edwards, Jen Sheldon	report	Evaluates reforms to the World Bank’s Peer Review Services, finds that the internal justice system used by Bank whistleblowers fails to comply with international human...	August 2011
Tipping the Scales: Is the United Nations Justice System Promoting Accountability in the Peacekeeping Missions or Undermining It?	Shelley Walden, Bea Edwards, Maha Hilal, Fawwaz Mustafa, Michelle Seyler, Zoe Walden	report	Analyzes the impact of the United Nations internal justice system on accountability practices in the UN peacekeeping missions based on a review of two years...	September 2012
Deadly Dispersants in the Gulf: Are Public Health and Environmental Tragedies the New Norm for Oil Spill Cleanups?	Shanna Devine, Tom Devine	report	Details the devastating long-term effects on human health and the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem stemming from BP and the federal government’s widespread use of the...	April 2013
International Best Practices in Whistleblower Protections	Tom Devine, Shelley Walden	report	Checklist of 20 requirements that reflects an organizational history of lessons learned about the difference between policy rhetoric and meaningful, ‘bullet-proof’ anti-retaliation measures. All the...	March 2013
The Current State of Whistleblowing Law in Europe	Thad M. Guyer, Nikolas F. Peterson	report	Details how very few European countries have enacted laws that directly protect whistleblowers in stark contrast” to the United States, which offers a multitude of...	April 2013

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
A Whistleblower’s Bill of Rights Through a World Bank Lens	Keith Henderson	report	Former Carvalho Fellow Keith Henderson provides extensive analysis concluding that the measures in place at the World Bank to protect staff members from retaliation after...	December 2016
Representative Cases in Which the United Nations or its Funds, Programmes or Agencies have not Complied with Best Practices in Whistleblower Protection	No Attribution	report	Details ten representative whistleblower cases from the United Nations and its funds, programs and agencies. The report examines the institution’s failure to implement best practices...	August 2014
Why Whistleblowers Wait: Recommendations to Improve the Dodd Frank Law’s SEC Whistleblower Awards Program	No Attribution	report	Warns that arbitrary rulings could discourage disclosures by convincing would-be whistleblowers that the Security and Exchange Commission’s award system: neither offers proportional incentives that overcome...	February 2016
Banking Sector Accountability: Understanding and Handling the Complex ‘SOX Plus One’ Whistleblower Claim	Thad M. Guyer, Melissa Koven	report	This best practices” report aims to inform legal counsel for whistleblowers about how to navigate banking and financial institution whistleblower claims – not only under...	September 18, 2013
Protecting Whistleblowers in South Africa: How Well is the Law Working for People?	No Attribution	report	Preliminary report utilizing 30 court cases to assess the effectiveness of the comprehensive legal protections for whistleblowers, which South Africa adopted in 2000. (Summary by...	September 2018
Protecting Science at Federal Agencies: How Congress Can Help	No Attribution	report	Government Accountability Project collaborated with 11 other public interest organizations to record new and ongoing threats to the communication of science and its use in...	November 2018
Promoting and Sustaining the National Climate Assessment After a Period of Suppression and Political Influence: A Cautionary Tale	Jonah Hahn	report	Analyzes the suppression of the first National Climate Assessment during the George W. Bush administration. By detailing how officials systematically censored sensitive climate change information,...	January 2017
Watergate: Implications for Responsible Government	Frederick C. Mosher	report	A special report at the request of the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities, by a panel of the National Academy of Public Administration,...	1974
The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States	No Attribution	report	The official Government edition of the Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States provides a full and complete account...	July 22, 2004
Civil Service Reform: Development of 1978 Civil Service Reform Proposals	No Attribution	report	The seminar examined the early thought that went into the reform of the Civil Service in order to help the Committee evaluate where the Civil...	November 1988
A Comparative International Analysis of Regimes for the Disclosure of Wrongdoing	Government of Canada - Public Service Integrity Office	report	The purpose of this report is to provide a general overview of several prominent public interest disclosure regimes throughout the world. Seven jurisdictions will be...	2004
Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident	No Attribution	report	The report to the President of the United States by the Presidential Commission on events leading up to the Challenger accident, the causes of the...	June 6, 1986
2 years back 3 years forward 10 years old	Public Concern at Work	report	This report reviews our work in 2001 and 2002, summarises our plans to 2006, and glances back at a decade of public interest whistleblowing. (Excerpt...	2003
Fraud in Government Programs: How Extensive Is It and How Can It Be Controlled (Volume III)	Comptroller General of the U.S., U.S. Gen. Accounting Office	report	This is the third of a three-volume report on the results of a statistical analysis of fraud and other illegal activities affecting 21 Federal agencies...	November 6, 1981
How the World Bank’s Peer Review Services Deny Staff the Right to a Fair Hearing	Shelley Walden, Jacob Cavallo, Bea Edwards	report	Evaluates reforms to the World Bank’s Peer Review Services, finds that the internal justice system used by bank whistleblowers fails to comply with international human...	August 2011
Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012	No Attribution	law	Expanded the definition of protected activities, authorized the payment of compensatory damages, and prohibited scientific censorship, among other major reforms Amendment to Appropriations Act that...	2012
Fraud in Government Programs: How Extensive is It? How Can It Be Controlled?	Comptroller General of the U.S., U.S. Gen. Accounting Office	report	GAO made a statistical analysis of over 77,000 cases of fraud and other illegal activities reported in 21 federal agencies during the period of October...	May 7, 1981
Department of Justice Should Coordinate Criminal and Civil Remedies To Effectively Pursue Fraud in Federal Programs GGD-80-7	Comptroller General of the U.S., U.S. Gen. Accounting Office	report	Opportunities for defrauding the government are virtually unlimited due to the number and variety of federal programs. The magnitude of suspected fraud which has surfaced...	October 25, 1979
Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989	No Attribution	law	Protects most federal employee whistleblowers claiming a personnel action taken because of a protected activity by a covered employee. Employees can file retaliation complaints with...	1989
Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century (AIR21) (2000)	No Attribution	law	Protects providing to the employer of Federal Government information, or filing, testifying in, assisting in or participating in any proceeding relating to any violation or...	2000
Whistleblowers	Chuck McCutcheon	report	Whistleblowing is drawing increased attention as more workers in government and the private sector come forward to decry what they contend are waste, fraud, abuse...	January 31, 2014
Inside the Mind of a Whistleblower: A Supplemental Report of the 2011 National Business Ethics Survey	Ethics Resource Center	report	Report by Ethics Resource Center that statistically assesses what compels employees to speak up, how they decide...	May 2012
Whitepaper on the Law of Whistleblowing	Kathleen Clark	report	Whistleblowers play an important role in fighting corruption, in protecting the public and the environment from harm, and in providing accountability for the violation of...	November 1, 2012
Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 (USERRA)	No Attribution	law	Protects taking an action to enforce a protection afforded any person under the USERRA; testifying or otherwise making a statement in or in connection with...	1994
S. Rep. No. 110-507 - The False Claims Act Corrections Act of 2008	No Attribution	report	CONTENTS I. Background and Purpose of the False Claims Act Correction Act....1 II. History of the Bill and Committee Consideration..................9 III. Section-by-Section Summary of the Bill..........................15 IV. Congressional Budget...	September 17, 2008

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Tags	Publication Date
Surface Transportation Assistance Act (STAA) (1982), as amended by the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007	No Attribution	law	Protects filing a complaint or bringing a proceeding related to a violation of a commercial motor vehicle safety or security regulation, standard or order; or...		2007
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)	No Attribution	law	Protects commencing a proceeding under the TSCA; testifying in any such proceeding; or assisting or participating in any manner in such a proceeding or in...		1976
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977	No Attribution	law	Protects filing or instituting any proceeding under the SMA, or testifying in any proceeding resulting from the administration or enforcement of the provisions of the...		1977
Solid Waste DIsposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976	No Attribution	law	Protects filing or instituting any proceeding under the SWDA or under any applicable implementation plan; or testifying in any proceeding resulting from the administration or...		1976
Seaman's Protection Act (SPA), as amended by § 611 of the Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2010	No Attribution	law	Protects reporting to the Coast Guard or other appropriate federal agency or department that the seaman believes a violation of a maritime safety law or...		2010
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 Sec. 307 Corporate Responsibility	No Attribution	law	Requires the SEC to issue rules that: (1) require an attorney to report evidence of a material violation of securities law or breach of fiduciary duty...	Sarbanes Oxley	2002
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002, Sec. 301 Corporate Responsibility	No Attribution	law	Requires that each audit committee shall establish procedures for- (A) the receipt, retention, and treatment of complaints received by the issuer regarding accounting, internal accounting...	Sarbanes Oxley	2002
Rehabilitation Act	No Attribution	law	Protects filing a complaint alleging exclusion from participation, denial of benefits of, or discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance or conducted...		1973
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)	No Attribution	law	Protects commencing a proceeding under the SDWA or a proceeding for the administration or enforcement of drinking water regulations or underground injection control programs of...		1974
Privacy Act	No Attribution	law	Prevents federal government from leaking confidential information (§ 552a(b)); Permits persons to obtain copies of their government records and request a correction of record to ensure...		1974
Public Contracts	No Attribution	law	Protects disclosing information relating to a substantial violation of law related to a contract (including the competition for, or negotiation of, a contract) to a...		2011
Racketeer and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO)	No Attribution	law	Criminalizes retaliation against whistleblowers; See § 1962 for criminal liability- retaliation against whistleblowers may give rise to criminal liability in furtherance of conspiracy. § 1964- Civil Remedies (a)...		1970
Principles of Ethical Conduct for Government Officers and Employees	No Attribution	law	Requires federal employees to report waste, fraud, abuse, and corruption to appropriate authorities		1990
Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2002 (PSIA)	No Attribution	law	Protects providing to the employer or the Federal government information relating to any violation or alleged violation of any order, regulation, or standard under the...		2002
Presidential Policy Directive/PPD-19	No Attribution	law	Suggests that intelligence agencies establish procedures to prohibit retaliation against employees who make disclosures concerning (1) a perceived violation of a law, rule, or regulation;...		2012
Obstruction of Justice	No Attribution	law	Prohibits knowingly, with the intent to retaliate, taking any action harmful to any person, including interference with the lawful employment or livelihood of any person,...		2002
Occupational Safety and Health Act, Section 11(c)	No Attribution	law	Protects employees from retaliation for exercising a variety of rights guaranteed under the Act, such as filing a S&H complaint with OSHA or their employers,...		1970
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act	No Attribution	law	Protects providing to the employer, the Federal Government, or the attorney general of a State information relating to any violation of, or any act or...		2010
Obstruction of Justice	No Attribution	law	Prohibits: (b) [Tampering with a witness] Knowingly using intimidation, threatening or corruptly persuading another person . . . with intent to— (1) influence, delay, or prevent...		1982
Notification and Federal Employee Antidiscrimination and Retaliation Act of 2002 (No Fear Act)	No Attribution	law	Requires federal agencies to notify and train federal employees concerning their rights under whistleblower protection and anti discrimination laws.		2002
National Labor Relations Act	No Attribution	law	Protects filing charges or giving testimony under the NLRA; (a) It shall be an unfair labor practice for an employer — (4) to discharge or otherwise...		1935
National Transit Systems Security Act of 2007 (NTSSA), enacted as Section 1413 of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007	No Attribution	law	Protects transit employees from retaliation for reporting a hazardous safety or security condition, a violation of any federal law relating to public transportation agency safety,...		2007
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013 (NDAA FY13)	No Attribution	law	Provides a private right of action for making protected disclosures to Congress, Inspectors General, law enforcement agencies, courts, federal contract administrators, or management officials, among...		2013
National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act of 1993	No Attribution	law	Requires covered entities to establish and comply with policies prohibiting retaliation against whistleblowers. Covers: Protects alleging that an entity, its officials or agents, has engaged in...		1993
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, Department of Energy, Defense Activities	No Attribution	law	Protects disclosures (1) made by covered individuals who take appropriate steps to protect the security of the information in accordance with guidance provided under this...		1999

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
National Credit Union Act (NCUA)	No Attribution	law	Protects employees of an insured credit union in providing information to the National Credit Union Administration Board of the Attorney General regarding any possible of...	1934
Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (Map-21)	No Attribution	law	Protects employees from retaliation by motor vehicle manufacturers, part suppliers, and dealerships for providing information to the employer or the U.S. Department of Transportation about...	2012
Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Workers' Protection Act (MSAWPA)	No Attribution	law	Protects filing any complaint or instituting any proceeding under or related to the MSAWPA, or testifying in any such proceeding.	1983
Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (LHWCA)	No Attribution	law	Protects claiming compensation from the employer, or testifying in a proceeding under the LHWCA.	1977
Major Fraud Act of 1988	No Attribution	law	Protects acting in furtherance of a prosecution under the MFA, including an investigation for, an initiation of, testimony for, or assistance in such a prosecution,...	1988
Military Whistleblower Protection Act	No Attribution	law	Protects making or preparing a communication to a Congress member or an Inspector General that may not be restricted; Complaining of or disclosing information to...	1988
Lacey Act	No Attribution	law	Provides rewards for disclosing violations of the Lacey Act (regarding the importation, exportation, or transportation of certain fish, wildlife, and plants); Allows the Secretaries of Commerce,...	1981
IRS Payment for Detection of Fraud and Underpayment of Taxes*	No Attribution	law	Provides that if the Secretary of the IRS proceeds with any administrative or judicial action [concerning underpayments of tax] based on information brought to the...	2006
Lloyd-LaFollette Act	No Attribution	law	Protects persons in the classified civil service from removal except for such cause as will promote the efficiency of said service, and provides that individuals...	1912
International Safe Container Act (ISCA)	No Attribution	law	Protects reporting the existence of an unsafe intermodal cargo container or a violation of the ISCA or a regulation prescribed under the ISCA.	2006
Intelligence Community Whistleblower Protection Act of 1998 (Intelligence Authorization Act of Fiscal Year 1999)	No Attribution	law	Outlines procedures for providing classified information with respect to an urgent concern to the agency Inspector General; If the Inspector General does not transmit, or...	1998
Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014	No Attribution	law	Protects against reprisal for disclosing information that an employee reasonably believes evidences (1) a violation of any Federal law, rule or regulation; or (2) mismanagement,...	2014
Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010	No Attribution	law	Established the Office of the Inspector General of the Intelligence Community, which oversees all programs and activities under the Director of National Intelligence. Prohibits reprisal...	2010
Inspector General Act of 1978	No Attribution	law	Inspectors General can receive allegations of misconduct and investigate retaliation § 7. (a) Inspector general may receive and investigate complaints or information from an employee of...	1978
Inspector General Act of 1978	No Attribution	law	Protects disclosing the possible existence of an activity constituting a violation of a law, rule, or regulations, or mismanagement, gross waste of funds, abuse of...	1978
Homeland Security Act of 2002	No Attribution	law	Provides that nothing in the Act shall be construed as exempting the Department from requirements applicable with respect to executive agencies—(1) to provide equal employment...	2002
Foreign Services Act of 1980	No Attribution	law	Protects disclosing information that the member or applicant reasonably believes evidences a violation of any law, rule or regulation, or mismanagement, a gross waste of...	1980
Food Safety Modernization Act	No Attribution	law	Whistleblower protections under the First Amendment are primarily governed by common-law decisions, and the jurisprudence is very dense. Any specific issue would have to be...	2011
Follow the Rules Act	No Attribution	law	Clarifies that a rule or regulation is given the same legal weight as law when it comes to federal employee protections; § 2303(b)(9) prohibits taking, failing...	2017
First Amendment	No Attribution	law	Protects public employees who disclose matters of public concern within the scope of their official duties (see common-law jurisprudence)	1791
FISA Amendments Reauthorization Act of 2017	No Attribution	law	Protects employees of intelligence community contractors under 50 U.S.C. §§ 3324, 3341(j), as well.	2018
Fish and Wildlife Improvement Act, as amended by 97 Pub. L. 396	No Attribution	law	Allows the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service to pay rewards under all wildlife protection laws (plants, fish, and animals)...	1982
Financial Institution Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA)	No Attribution	law	Protects providing information to any Federal banking agency or the Attorney General regarding (A) a possible violation of any law or regulation; or (B) gross...	1950
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (Clean Water Act)	No Attribution	law	Protects filing, instituting any proceeding under the FWPCA, or testifying in any proceeding resulting from the administration or enforcement of the provisions of the FWPCA.	1972
Federal Mine Safety and Health Amendments Act of 1977 (FMSHA)	No Attribution	law	Protects filing or making a complaint under or related to the MHSA, including a complaint notifying the operator or the operator's agent, or the representative...	1977

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Tags	Publication Date
Federal Railroad Safety Act (FRSA), as amended by Section 1521 of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007, and Section 419 of the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008	No Attribution	law	Protects employees of railroad carriers and their contractors and subcontractors from retaliation for reporting a workplace injury or illness, a hazardous safety or security condition,...		2008
Federal Acquisition Regulations	No Attribution	law	Prohibits government contractors from discharging, demoting, or otherwise discriminating against an employee as a reprisal for disclosing information to a Member of Congress, or an...		1995
Federal Bureau of Investigation Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act	No Attribution	law	Disclosing information that the employee or applicant reasonably believes evidences (1) a violation of any law, rule or regulation, or (2) mismanagement, a gross waste...		2016
Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)	No Attribution	law	Protects filing or instituting a charge under or related to the FMLA; giving information in connection with any inquiry or proceeding relating to any right...		1993
Fair Labor Standards Act/Equal Pay Act	No Attribution	law	Protects providing to the employer, the Federal government or the Attorney General of a state information relating to any violation of, or any act or...		1938
False Claims Act (FCA)	No Attribution	law	Provides rewards to whistleblowers for disclosing fraud in government contracting, sales, or loans (§ 3730(b)); Prohibits retaliation for disclosing the above. Any employee, contractor, or agent...		1863
Employment Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)	No Attribution	law	Prohibits discharging, fining, suspending, expelling, disciplining, or discriminating against a participant or beneficiary for exercising any right to which he is entitled . . ....		1974
Endangered Species Act	No Attribution	law	Allows the Secretary of the Interior or Treasury to pay a reward for furnishing information which leads to an arrest, a criminal conviction, a civil...		1973
Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, as amended by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (ERA)	No Attribution	law	Protects notifying the employer of any alleged violation of the ERA or the Atomic Energy Act of 1954; testifying before Congress or at any Federal...		2005
Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)	No Attribution	law	Protects refusing to authorize the transfer of an individual with an emergency medical condition that has not been stabilized or against any hospital employee because...		1986
Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA)	No Attribution	law	Protects employees refusing, declining, or failing to take or submit to any lie detector test; filing any complaint or instituting or causing to be instituted...		1988
Education Amendments of 1972- Title IX	No Attribution	law	Prohibits against discrimination in education based on sex. 34 C.F.R. § 100.7(e)- Anti Retaliation provision for reporting discrimination against others under Title IX. (e) No recipient or...		1972
Dr. Chris Kirkpatrick Whistleblower Protection Act	No Attribution	law	Requires that if it is determined that a supervisor is found to have committed a prohibited personnel action, the supervisor shall propose suspending them for...		2017
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act § 748 Commodity Whistleblower Incentives and Protection	No Attribution	law	Provides monetary rewards for: Voluntarily providing original information to the CFTC that leads to the successful enforcement of a covered judicial or administrative action, or related...		2010
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act § 1057. Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010,	No Attribution	law	Protects providing information relating to any violation of, or any act or omission that the employee reasonably believes to be a violation of, any provision...		2010
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act\ § 922 Securities Whistleblower Incentives and Protection	No Attribution	law	Provides monetary rewards for: Voluntarily providing original information to the SEC that leads to the successful enforcement of a covered judicial or administrative action, or related...		2010
Department of Defense Authorization Act of 1987, Defense Contractors, Contractor Employees	No Attribution	law	Protects disclosing to a Member of Congress, a representative of a committee of Congress, and Inspector General, the Government Accountability Office, a Department of Defense...		1986
Department of Defense Office of Inspector General Rules and Procedures Governing Department of Defense Component and Contractor Complaints	No Attribution	law	Protects making or preparing to make, or being perceived as making or preparing to make a protected communication (see Table on page 12 of DoD...		2007
Department of Defense Authorization Act of 1984	No Attribution	law	Protects (1) disclosing information that the employee or applicant reasonably believes evidences (A) a violation of any law, rule, or regulation, or (B) mismanagement, a...		1983
Defend Trade Secrets Act	No Attribution	law	Provides immunity from liability for confidential disclosure of a trade secret to the government or in a court filing. (1) Protects disclosure of a trade secret...		1996
Deficit Reduction Act of 2005	No Attribution	law	Requires any entity that receives or makes annual payments under the state plan [for medical assistance] of at least $5,000,000 to establish written policies that...		2006
Conspiracy Against Rights	No Attribution	law	Criminalizes two or more persons conspiring to injure, oppress, threaten, or intimidate any person . . . in the free exercise or enjoyment of any...		1948
Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) (2008)	No Attribution	law	Protects providing to the employer, the federal government, or the attorney general of a state information relating to a violation of the CPSIA, any other...		2008
Corporate and Criminal Fraud Accountability Act, Sec. 806 Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002	No Attribution	law	Protects providing information or otherwise assisting in an investigation regarding any conduct that the employee reasonably believes constitutes a violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341,...	Sarbanes Oxley	2002
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA or Superfund)	No Attribution	law	Protects providing information to a State or the Federal government relating to a violation of CERCLA [accidents, spills, and other emergency releases of pollutants into...		1980

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Tags	Publication Date
Congressional Accountability Act	No Attribution	law	Protects Congressional offices under: the Fair Labor Standards Act; Title VII; ADA; ADEA; FMLA; OSHA; Chapter 71 (relating to Federal service labor-management relations) of title 5;...		1995
Civil Service Reform Act of 1978	No Attribution	law	Prohibits adverse personnel actions based on prohibited personnel practices and whistleblower complaints. Provides codified federal employees' rights to (1) notice of charges; (2) a reasonable...		1978
Coast Guard Whistleblower Protection	No Attribution	law	Implements statutory protections afforded to members of armed services in 10 U.S.C. § 1034 for members of the Coast Guard. Protects: (a) lawfully communicating with a...		1991
Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act	No Attribution	law	Protects reporting any egregious or flagrant condition which deprives an institutionalized person of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured or protected by the U.S. Constitution...		1980
Clean Air Act	No Attribution	law	Protects commencing a proceeding under the CAA, or a proceeding for the administration or enforcement of any requirement imposed under the CAA; testifying in any...		1977
Civil Rights Act of 1871	No Attribution	law	Applies First Amendment protections to state and municipal employees		1873
Civil Rights Act of 1866	No Attribution	law	Prohibits retaliation for reporting or opposing discrimination in contracts.		1866
Civil Rights Attorney Fee Act	No Attribution	law	Allows, at the court's discretion, the prevailing party, other than the United States, a reasonable attorney's fee as part of the costs; Applicable to employment discrimination...		1976
Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII	No Attribution	law	Protects opposing any practice made an unlawful employment practice by Title VII, or making a charge, testifying, assisting, or participating in any manner in an...		1964
Civil Rights Act of 1871	No Attribution	law	Prohibits conspiring to interfere with the administration of justice in U.S. courts by retaliating against witnesses in federal court proceedings.		1871
Asbestos School Hazard Detection and Control Act of 1980	No Attribution	law	Protects bringing to the attention of the public information concerning any asbestos problem in school buildings.		1980
Civil Rights Act of 1866 Reporting discrimination in sale or lease of property	No Attribution	law	Prohibits retaliation for reporting discrimination in sale or lease of property.		1866
Bank Secrecy Act (BSA)	No Attribution	law	Protects providing information to the Secretary of the Treasury, the Attorney General, or any Federal supervisory agency regarding a potential violation of this Act or...		1984
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement	No Attribution	law	Protects bringing to the attention of the public information concerning any asbestos problem in school buildings.		1984
Americans with Disabilities Act	No Attribution	law	Protects opposing any violation of the ADA, or making a charge, testifying, or participating in any manner in an ADA investigation, proceeding, or hearing.		1990
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA)	No Attribution	law	Protects disclosing information that the employee reasonably believes is evidence of (1) gross mismanagement of an agency contract or grant relating to covered funds; (2)...		2009
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act of 1986 (AHERA) (1986)	No Attribution	law	Protects providing information related to a potential violation of AHERA to any other person, including a State or the Federal government.		1986
European Parliament Directive on the Protection of Persons Reporting on Breaches of Union Law	European Parliament	law	EU-wide standards to protect whistleblowers revealling breaches of EU law, allowing for mulitiple safe reporting channels, protection against reprisal, free and independent advice on rights...		April 16, 2019
Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships (APPS)	No Attribution	law	Allows, at the court's discretion, an amount equal to not more than 1/2 of such fine [for knowingly violating the MARPOL Protocol or this Act]...		1973
Protected Disclosures Act, South Africa	Parliament South Africa	law	South Africa whistleblowing act		August 1, 2000
All Circuits Review Act	No Attribution	law	Allows employees to appeal a final order or decision of the MSPB on a claim alleging reprisal for making a protected disclosure or for engaging...		2018
Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)	No Attribution	law	Protects opposing a violation of the ADEA, or making a charge, testifying, assisting, or participating in any manner in an ADEA investigation, proceeding, or litigation.		1967
Serbia’s Zakon o zaštiti uzbunjivača (Law on the Protection of Whistleblowers Serbia)	Parliament Serbia	law	Serbia Whistleblowing Law		November 25, 2014
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Congress	law	PL	Sarbanes Oxley	July 30, 2002
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights	UN	law	International Treaty		March 23, 1976

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Protected Disclosures Act	Oireachtas	law	Irish Act regarding protection for disclosures	July 8, 2014
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms	Council of Europe	law	European Human Rights Law Treaty	September 3, 1953
Law on the protection of public officials complaining about violations of the law; Romanian Whistleblower's Law	Parliament of Romania	law	Romanian whistleblowing act	December 14, 2004
Whistleblower Act 2006(720) Ghana	Parliament of Ghana	law	Ghana Whistleblower law	October 16, 2006
The Perils of Whistle Blowing	Hamid R. Tavakolian	journal article	The various forms of retribution that whistle blowers endure, at the hands of their employers, both financially and psychologically for having attempted to correct mismanagement,...	August 1, 1993
Whistleblowing on Crises and Disasters	Gerald Vinten	journal article	This is the excellent foppery of the world … we make guilty of our disasters the sun, the moon and the stars, as if we...	June 1993
The Case of the Willful Whistle-Blower	Sally Seymour	journal article	An examination of a possible whistleblowing scenario and ways to approach it from a business perspective.	January 1988
Whistle-Blowing Among Young Employees: A Life-Course Perspective	Jason M. Stansbury, Bart Victor	journal article	The 2003 National Business Ethics Survey, conducted by the Ethics Resource Center, found that respondents who were both young and had short organizational tenure were...	March 2009
Explaining the Whistle-Blowing Process: Suggestions from Power Theory and Justice Theory	Janet P. Near, Terry Morehead Dworkin, Marcia P. Miceli	journal article	Review of research concerning whistle-blowing suggests that legal sanctions have been singularly unsuccessful in encouraging whistle-blowing but that legalistic responses by organizations seem to have...	August 1993
To Pay Suspicious Attention: Following the Weave of 'Mixed Logiccs' in Women's Ethical Decision Making	Susan Scott-Hunt, Hilary Lim	journal article	This article explores areas of law loosely within English equity and trusts law that have not conventionally been subject to feminist debate, and within the...	January 2005
Whistle-Blowing: Myth and Reality	Janet P. Near, Marcia P. Miceli	journal article	In this article, we attempt to separate myth from reality by reviewing research results pertinent to two questions: are whistle-blowers really crackpots and do most...	June 1, 1996
Does The Type Of Wrongdoing Affect The Whistleblowing Process?	Janet P. Near, Michael T. Rehg, James E. Van Scotter, Marcia P. Miceli	journal article	We analyzed data from a survey of employees of a large military base in order to assess possible differences in the whistle-blowing process due to...	2004
The Guilt of Whistle-blowing: Conflicts in Action Research and Educational Ethnography	Mike McNamee	journal article	This chapter discusses the role conflict of the educational researcher who comes upon an unprofessional relationship between teacher and pupil. It is argued that the...	December 16, 2002
Whistleblowing: Reaping the Benefits	Marcia P. Miceli, Janet P. Near	journal article	The incidence of whistle blowing appears to have exploded in the last decade. Hardly a week goes by without seeing—on ‘60 Minutes’ or a similar...	August 1994
The Dynamics of Employee Dissent: Whistleblowers and Organizational Jiu-Jitsu	Brian Martin, Will Rifkin	journal article	Whistleblowing is a form of organizational dissent that is rarely successful, instead usually leading to disaster for the whistleblower. Organizational theorists seldom have addressed the...	September 2004
Whistleblowing and employe loyalty	Robert A. Larmer	journal article	Discussions of whistleblowing and employee loyalty usually assume either that the concept of loyalty is irrelevant to the issue or, more commonly, that whistleblowing involves...	February 1992
Gatekeepers: The Anatomy of a Third-Party Enforcement Strategy	Reinier H. Kraakman	journal article	When should we impose liability on parties who, although not the primary authors or beneficiaries of misconduct, might nonetheless be able to prevent it? This...	1986
Whistleblowing & Its Quandaries	Robert Jackall	journal article	Whistleblowers are men and women who publicly call individuals in their own organizations to account for behavior that they, the whistleblowers, deem inappropriate by some...	2007
Whistleblowing: Its Nature and Justification	Gene G. James	journal article	Whistle blowing has increased significantly in America during the last two decades. Like blowing a whistle to call attention to a thief, whistle blowing is...	1980
Whistleblowers and Organizational Protestors: Crossing Imaginary Borders	William De Maria	journal article	The article contemplates a new alliance between whistleblowing and protesting. This is done in the context of seeking more powerful interventions in the fight against...	November 1, 2008
Whistle Blowing and Rational Loyalty	Wim Vanderkerckhove, M.S.Ronald Commers	journal article	Today's complex and decentralized organization gives rise to organizational needs for both loyalty and institutionalized whistle blowing. However, ethicists see a contradiction between both needs....	August 2004
How to encourage whistleblowing	David Crook	journal article	This paper, derived from a conference presentation, discusses corporate fraud and the role that ‘whistleblowing’ can play in combating malpractice. It examines why employees have...	April 1, 2000
Some Paradoxes of Whistleblowing	Michael Davis	journal article	By paradox I mean an apparent - an, in this case, real-inconsistency between theory (our systematic understanding of whistleblowing) and the facts (what we actually...	1996
Culture and Whistleblowing An Empirical Study o fCroation and United States Managers Utilizing Hoftede's Cultural Dimensions	A. A. Tavakoli, John P. Keenan, B. Cranjak-Karanovic	journal article	Leaders and managers of today's multinational corporations face a plethora of problems and issues directly attributable to the fact that they are operating in an...	March 2003
Peer Reporting of Unethical Behavior: A Social Context Perspective	Linda Klebe Trevino, Bart Victor	journal article	This research hypothesized that two social context conditions influence group members' evaluations of peer reporting of unethical behavior and their own inclination to report peers:...	March 1992

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Consideration of Moral Intensity in Ethicality Judgements: Its Relationship with Whistle-blowing and Need-for-Cognition	Ming Singer, Sarah Mitchell, Julie Turner	journal article	Within the theoretical framework of the moral intensity model of ethical decision making (Jones, 1991), two studies ascertained the contention that ethicality judgements are contingent...	April 1998
Whistle Blowing: Implications for Organizational Communication	Lea P. Stewart	journal article	This article examines whistle blowing as an organizational phenomenon, and analyzes 51 reports of actual incidents to derive a model of the steps through which...	December 1980
Predictors of External Whistleblowing: Organizational and Intrapersonal Variables	Randi L. Sims, John P. Keenan	journal article	Research on whistleblowing has not yet provided a finite set of variables which have been shown to influence an employee's decision to report wrongdoing. Prior...	March 1998
Whistleblowing and the Control of Organizational Misconduct	Terance D. Miethe, Joyce Rothschild	journal article	The current study reviews the literature on whistleblowing and examines its role in detecting and controlling organizational misconduct. We begin with a definition of this...	July 1994
Antecendents and Outcomes of Retaliation Against Whistleblowers: Gender Differences and Power Relationships	Michael T. Rehg, Marcia P. Miceli, Janet P. Near, James R. Van Scotter	journal article	Whistle-blowing represents an influence attempt in which organization member(s) try to persuade other members to cease wrongdoing; sometimes they fail; sometimes they succeed; sometimes they...	March 1, 2008
Whistle-Blower Disclosures and Management Retaliation: The Battle to Control Information about Organization Corruption	Joyce Rothschild, Terance D. Miethe	journal article	Based on nationwide data the authors collected on whistle-blowers and on silent observers, this article reports, that (a) whistle-blowing is more frequent in the public...	February 1, 1999
The Whistleblowing Process: Retaliation and Perceived Effectiveness	Janet P. Near, Tamila C. Jensen	journal article	Little empirical work has been completed on the whistleblowing process in organizations. This study examines questionnaire data from 72 respondents who blew the whistle on...	February 1, 1983
Correlates of Whistle-Blowers' Perceptions of Organizational Retaliation	Marcia A. Parmerlee, Janet P. Near, Tamila C. Jensen	journal article	The process of public whistle-blowing and the organizational responses to it are explored, with particular emphasis on retaliation. Individuals who had filed complaints of unfair...	March 1982
Relationships Among Value Congruence, Perceived Victimization, and Retaliation Against Whistle-blowers	Marcia P. Miceli, Janet P. Near	journal article	Previous research on organizational members who report perceived wrongdoing has been conducted primarily in public sector organizations. The present study examined survey data from directors...	August 1, 1994
Blowing the Whistle on Data Fudging: A Controlled Field Experiment	Marcia P. Miceli, Janelle B. Dozier, Janet P. Near	journal article	This experiment examined determinants of “whistle blowing, the disclosure of organizational wrongdoing. Previous research, limited largely to analyses of cross‐sectional, self‐reported data, has not established...	February 1991
What Makes Whistle-Blowers Effective? Three Field Studies	Marcia P. Miceli, Janet P. Near	journal article	Organization members face difficult choices when they encounter situations which they consider illegitimate, immoral, or unlawful, but lack corrective power. They can ‘blow the whistle’...	April 1, 2002
Can Laws Protect Whistle-Blowers?: Results of a Naturally Occurring Field Experiment	Marcia P. Miceli, Michael Rehg, Janet P. Near, Katherine C. Ryan	journal article	Data collected over three time periods, from 1980 to 1992, show massive changes in the ways in which federal employees reported wrongdoing and the effects...	February 1, 1999
Self-Efficacy as an Intrapersonal Predictor for Internal Whistleblowing: A US and Canada Examination	Brent R. MacNab, Reginald Worthley	journal article	Examining intrapersonal factors theorized to influence ethics reporting decisions, the relation of self-efficacy as a predictor of propensity for internal whistleblowing is investigated within a...	June 2008
Whistleblowing at work: The results of a survey of procedures in further and higher education	David Lewis, Catherine-Anne Ellis, Anna Kyprianou, Stephen Homewood	journal article	This article briefly explains the concept of whistleblowing and why it should be encouraged. It then describes the way in which the law both constrained...	2001
Blowing the Whistle on Sexual Harassment: Test of a Model of Predictors and Outcomes	Jeong-Yeon Lee, Sharon Gibson Heilmann, Janet P. Near	journal article	Earlier research on whistle-blowing in organizations has usually investigated whistle-blowing about wrongdoing of various types, with the possibility that results are influenced by the great...	March 1, 2004
An Examination of the Association Between Gender and Reporting Intentions for Fradulent Financial Reporting	Stevenn Kaplan, Kurt Pany, Janet Samuels, Jian Zhang	journal article	We report the results of a study that examines the association between gender and individuals’ intentions to report fraudulent financial reporting using non-anonymous and anonymous...	June 2009
The Effects of Interpersonal Closeness and Issue Seriousness on Blowing the Whistle	Granville King III	journal article	This study used registered nurses to examine if relational closeness and issue seriousness affected the likelihood of reporting a wrongdoing. Results from the study were...	October 1, 1997
Mad as Hell or Scared Stiff? The Effects of Value Conflict and Emotions on Potential Whistle-Blowers	Erika Henik	journal article	Existing whistle-blowing models rely on “cold economic calculations and cost-benefit analyses to explain the judgments and actions of potential whistle-blowers. I argue that “hot cognitions...	June 2008
The Decision to Blow the Whistle: A Social Information Processing Framework	Michael J. Gundlach, Scott C. Douglas, Mark J. Martinko	journal article	In this article we integrate the power, justice, and prosocial literature on whistleblowing with the attribution and emotion literature to develop a social information processing...	January 2003
An Economic Model of Whistleblower Policy	Anthony Heyes, Sandeep Kapur	journal article	‘Whistleblowing’ is an increasingly common element of regulatory enforcement programs, and one that is encouraged by recent legislation in the US and elsewhere. We examine...	April 2007
Auditing students' professional commitment and anticipatory socialization and their relationship to whistleblowing	Rafik Elias	journal article	Purpose: The accounting profession has emphasized the need for professionals to develop ethical attitudes early in their career, even before they enter the profession. The...	2008
Oppositionists and group norms: The reciprocal influence of whistle-blowers and co-workers	David B. Greenberger, Marcia P. Miceli, Debra J. Cohen	journal article	Who blows the whistle — a “loner or a well-liked “team player? Which of them is more likely to lead a successful opposition to perceived...	October 1987
Potential Predictors of Whistle-Blowing: A Prosocial Behavior Perspective	Janelle Brinker Dozier, Marcia P. Miceli	journal article	Why do some observers of organizational wrongdoing choose to report it? This question has received little research attention despite its prominence in the popular media....	October 1985
Internal vs. External Whistleblowers: A Comparison of Whistleblowering Processes	Terry Morehead Dworkin, Melissa S. Baucus	journal article	We conduct quantitative and qualitative analysis of 33 cases of internal and external whistleblowers wrongfully fired for reporting wrongdoing. Our results show external whistleblowers have...	September 1998
Whistle Blowing: An Economic Analysis of the False Claims Act	Ben Depoorter	journal article	Whistle blowing, remuneration and immunity are effective tools whenever law enforcement is impeded by information asymmetries. The U.S. False Claims Act (FCA), which allows private...	2006

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Contrasting consequences: Bringing charges of sexual harassment compared with other cases of whistleblowing	Natalie Dandekar	journal article	The phenomenon of whistleblowing seems puzzling in that whistleblowing presumably brings a wrongful practice to the attention of those with power to correct the situation....	February 1990
Obervers' Impressions of Unethical Persons and Whistleblowers	Wayne H. Decker, Thomas J. Calo	journal article	Since there have been many recent occurrences of alleged wrongdoing by business persons and other professionals, it seems additional ethics research is needed to obtain...	December 2007
Are Audit-related Ethical Decisions Dependent upon Mood?	Mary B. Curtis	journal article	This study explores the impact of mood on individuals’ ethical decision-making processes through the Graham [Graham, J. W.: 1986, Research in Organizational Behavior 8, 1–52]...	October 2006
Religiosity, ethical ideology, and intentions to report a peer's wrongdoing	Tim Barnett, Ken Bass, Gene Brown	journal article	Peer reporting is a specific form of whistleblowing in which an individual discloses the wrongdoing of a peer. Previous studies have examined situational variables thought...	November 1996
Estimating the incidence of wrongdoing and whistle-blowing: Results of a study using randomizzed response technique	Brian K. Burton, Janet P Near	journal article	Student cheating and reporting of that cheating represents one form of organizational wrong-doing and subsequent whistle-blowing, in the context of an academic organization. Previous research...	January 1995
The internal disclosure policies of private-sector employers: An initial look at their relationship to employee whistleblowing	Tim Barnett, Daniel S. Cochran, G. Stephen Taylor	journal article	Whistleblowers have usually been treated as outcasts by private-sector employers. But legal, ethical, and practical considerations increasingly compel companies to encourage employees to disclose suspected...	February 1993
Wrongdoing by Consultants: An Examination of Employees' Reporting Intentions	Susan Ayers, Steven E. Kaplan	journal article	Organizations are increasingly embedded with consultants and other non-employees who have the opportunity to engage in wrongdoing. However, research exploring the reporting intentions of employees...	March 2005
A preliminary investigation of the relationship between selected organizational characteristics and external whistleblowing by employees	Tim Barnett	journal article	Whistleblowing by employees to regulatory agencies and other parties external to the organization can have serious consequences both for the whistleblower and the company involved....	December 1992
Whistle-Blowing and the Code of Silence in Police Agencies: Policy and Structural Predictors	Gary R. Rothwell, J. Norman Baldwin	journal article	This article reports the findings from a study that investigates predictors of police willingness to blow the whistle and police frequency of blowing the whistle...	October 1, 2007
Ethical Climate Theory, Whistle-blowing, and the Code of Silence in Police Agencies in the State of Georgia	Gary R. Rothwell, J. Norman Baldwin	journal article	This article reports the findings from a study that investigates the relationship between ethical climates and police whistle-blowing on five forms of misconduct in the...	February 2007
Whistleblowing in probation departments	John Rosecrance	journal article	Qualitative data were used to describe and analyze four incidents of whistleblowing in California probation departments. Probation officers were drawn into acts of protest by...	1988
Legal Protections for the Scientific Misconduct Whistleblower	Peter Poon	journal article	The whistleblower occupies a vital role in ensuring tbe ethical conduct of research. Thus, one might 88 The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics suppose...	March 1, 1995
Whistleblowing: A Very Unpleasant Avocation	Robert L. Sprague	journal article	This article presents a first-person account of the events surrounding the investigation and sanctioning of Stephen E. Breuning for scientific fraud. The adverse consequences to...	1993
Suppression of Environmental Science	Robert R. Kuehn	journal article	As the role of science in resolving environmental policy disputes increases in importance, attacks on scientists as a means of suppressing unwanted environmental scientific research...	2004
Transparency In Public Science: Purposes, Reasons, Limits	Sheila Jasanoff	journal article	What does sequestration of knowledge mean, both in general and, more particularly, in and for science? What makes it undesirable, and is it always so?...	2006
Scientific Freedom and Responsibility	John T. Edsall	journal article	The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is deeply concerned that such issues should be dealt with, and resolved, in a responsible fashion....	May 16, 1975
On Being a Whistleblower: the Needleman Case	Claire B. Ernhart, Sandra Scarr, David F. Geneson	journal article	We believe that members of the scientific community have a primary obligation to promote integrity in research and that this obligation includes a duty to...	1993
Developments in Public Administration	Dwight Waldo	journal article	This report on recent and contem- porary developments is centrally concerned with self-conscious Public Administration, that is, the academi- cally centered area of inquiry and...	November 1, 1972
Public Administration in a Time of Revolutions	Dwight Waldo	journal article	I want to address myself such as these: Are we in a time of revolution? Assuming e are - as I shall argue - how...	July/August 1968
Reinventing Administrative Prescriptions: The Case for Democratic-Constitutional Impact Statements and Scorecards	David H. Rosenbloom	journal article	This essay begins by placing the contemporary failure to consider democratic-constitutional values in context as a recurring historical failure of U.S. public administration. Reviewed...	January/February 2007
The Study of Ethics in the P.A. Curriculum	John A. Rohr	journal article	The purpose of this article is to suggest a method for integrating the study of ethics into a public administration curriculum. Although the Watergate scandals...	July/August 1976
Ethics Complaints and Local Government: The Case of Florida	Donald C. Menzel, J. Edwin Benton	journal article	This paper analyzes complaints about ethics at the local level of government. Several databases, including ethics complaints filed with the Florida Commission on Ethics,...	October 1991
Administrative Decentralization and Political Power	Herbert Kaufman	journal article	No matter how vigorous the pursuit of any one value at any given time, the other two are never obliterated. And no matter how...	January/February 1969
Bureaucratic Whistleblowing and Policy Change	Roberta Ann Johnson, Michael E. Kraft	journal article	The reason for this record of minimal policy impact is that a whistleblower's success is heavily dependent on the existence of a supportive political...	December 1990
Social Equity, Justice, and the Equitable Administrator	David K. Hart	journal article	It may well be, given the unpleasant probabilities of our future, that social equity is an idea, whose time has come. That position is accepted...	1974

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Whistle Blowers in the Federa lCivil Service: New Evidence of the Public Service Ethic	Gene A. Brewer, Sally Coleman Selden	journal article	There is a strong undercurrent in the literature of public administration that suggests the existence--and importance--of service-related motives linked to the public interest. Public-service motivation...	July 1998
Organisational Whistleblowing Policies: Making Employees Responsible or Liable?	Eva E. Tsahuridu, Wim Vandekerckhove	journal article	This paper explores the possible impact of the recent legal developments on organizational whistleblowing on the autonomy and responsibility of whistleblowers. In the past thirty...	September 2008
An Examination of the Layers of Workplace influences in Ethical Judments: Whistleblowing Likelihood and Perseverance in Public Accounting	Eileen Z. Taylor, Mary B. Curtis	journal article	We employ a Layers of Workplace Influence theory to guide our study of whistleblowing among public accounting audit seniors. Specifically, we examine professional commitment, organizational...	April 2010
The blow or not to blow the whistle? That is the question	Ester Rocha, Brian H. Kleiner	journal article	Whistle blower was a word created in the 70s to specifically differentiate allegations from somebody from inside the company as opposed to allegations of a...	2005
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Managers' Whistleblowing Tendencies	Randi L. Sims, John P. Keenan	journal article	In a global marketplace, managers often face major difficulties when it comes to handling ethical problems within a different cultural context. Whistleblowing is one possible...	May 1999
Whistle-Blowing: Professionals' Resistance to Organizational Authority	Robert Perrucci, Robert M. Anderson, Dan E. Schendel, Leon E. Trachtman	journal article	Whistle-blowing is examined as an act of collective opposition to authority taking place within a context of political conflict. Organizations, viewed as private governments,...	December 1980
Responses to Legislative Changes: Corporate Whistleblowing Policies	Janet P. Near, Terry Morehead Dworkin	journal article	Survey responses from Fortune 1000 firms were examined to assess whether firms changed their whistleblowing policies to response to changes in state statutes concerning whistleblowing....	October 1998
Organizational dissidence: The case of whistle-blowing	Janet P. Near, Marcia P. Miceli	journal article	Research on whistle-blowing has been hampered by a lack of a sound theoretical base. In this paper, we draw upon existing theories of motivation and...	February 1985
The Two Faces of Lawyers: Professional Ethics and Business Compliance with Regulation	Christin E. Parker, Robert E. Rosen, Vibeke Lehmann Nielsen	journal article	In this paper we use quantitative and qualitative data to examine the influence that professional advice has on business compliance: is it true that the...	2009
The whistle-blowing zone: applying Barnard's insights to a modern ethical dilemma	Dae-il Nam, David J. Lemak	journal article	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to apply Chester Barnard's ideas about authority in organizations to the modern phenomenon of “whistle‐blowing and highlight insights...	2007
The Relationships among Beliefs, Organizational Position, and Whistle-Blowing Status: A Discriminant Analysis	Marcia Parmerlee Miceli, Janet P. Near	journal article	Survey data from a random sample of 8,500 employees were examined to determine whether persons who report perceived organizational wrongdoing differ from other employees as...	December 1984
Whistleblowing in Organizations: An Examination of Correlates of Whistleblowing Intentions, Actions, and Retaliation	Jessica R. Mesmer-Magnus, Chockalingam Viswesvaran	journal article	Whistleblowing on organizational wrongdoing is becoming increasingly prevalent. What aspects of the person, the context, and the transgression relate to whistleblowing intentions and to actual...	December 2005
Risk, Information, and the Decision about Response to Wrongdoing in an Organization	David L. Mclain, John P. Keenan	journal article	Response to wrongdoing is modeled as a decision process in an organizational context. The model is grounded in theory of risk, ambiguity, and informational influences...	April 1999
Ethical Dilemmas and the Disputing Process: Organizations and Societies	M. Cash Mathews	journal article	The attempt to resolve legal disputes to the satisfaction of all parties has been an elusive goal in most industrialized countries. The alternative dispute resolution...	1989
Ethics as a Dependent Variable in Individual and Organisational Decision Making	Alan Lovell	journal article	This paper draws upon a recently completed research study of the responses of accountants and HR professionals to actual issues at work that had posed...	May 2002
The Implications of an Organization's Structure on Whistleblowing	Granville King III	journal article	Previous studies investigating reports of corporate or individual wrongdoing have failed to examine the effects of an organization's structure upon the decision to blow the...	July 1999
Communication Climate, Whistle-blowing, and the First-Level Manager: A Preliminary Study	John P. Keenan	journal article	This paper presents findings regarding a study of whistle-blowing and communication climate from the perspective of the first-level manager. Results indicate varied associations between defensive...	1988
Dissolving the Moral Dilemma of Whistleblowing	Lars Lindblom	journal article	The ethical debate on whistleblowing concerns centrally the conflict between the right to political free speech and the duty of loyalty to the organization where...	December 2007
Upper-level managers and whistleblowing: determinants of perceptions of company encouragement and information about where to blow the whistle	John P. Keenan	journal article	The major purpose of this paper is to examine possible determinants of upper-level manager whistleblowing. For example, will the existence of formal company policies and...	1990
Whistleblowing and the professional: the common response to whistle blowers is retaliation	John P. Keenan, Charles A. Krueger	journal article	Employees' fear of reprisals from their organizations and from coworkers for whistleblowing acts can be alleviated by managers through efforts to reinforce awareness of the...	August 1992
Whistleblowing and the first-level manager: Determinants of feeling obliged to blow the whistle	John P. Keenan	journal article	Examined the determinants of feelings of obligation to 'blow the whistle' on employers by 1st-level managers, i.e., to report their illegal, immoral or illegitimate practices...	1995
Guidelines for the Development of an Ethics Safety Net	Muel Kaptein	journal article	Large organisations are especially advised to consider the possibility of an Ethics Helpdesk in which all employees and managers can report with all suspected cases...	December 2002
Blowing the Whistle on Less Serious Forms of Fraud: A Study of Executives and Managers	John P. Keenan	journal article	A whistleblowing survey was completed by 725 executives and managers. A variety of individual, organizational, and moral perception variables were examined and hypotheses developed with...	December 2000
Ethical tension points in whistleblowing	J. Vernon Jensen	journal article	This paper analyzes the number of procedural and substantive tension points with which a conscientious whistleblower struggles. Included in the former are such questions as:...	May 1987
Corporate GovernancePractices: Aproposed Policy Incentive Regime to Facilitate Internal Investigations and Self-Reporting of Criminal Activities	Thomas A. Hemphill, Francine Cullari	journal article	Since the mid-1980s, internal corporate investigations have become commonplace in the U.S., with an upsurge occurring as a result of the corporate scandals of 2001-02...	2009

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Confucian culture and whistle-blowing by professional accountants: an exploratory study	Dennis Hwang, Blair Staley, Ying Te Chen, Jyh-Shan Lan	journal article	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to use survey data to examine the impact of culture on current and future accounting and auditing professionals'...	2008
WhistleBlowers: Saints of Secular Culture	Colin Grant	journal article	Neither the corporate view of whistle blowers as tattle-tales and traitors, nor the more sympathethic understanding of them as tragic heroes battling corrupt or abused...	September 2002
Corporate loyalty, does it have a future?	Brian A. Grosman	journal article	A promotion of concepts of corporate family and employee participation as well as euphemisms which stress employee-employer long-term continuity makes the loss of loyalty flowing...	July 1989
Retaliating against the Whistleblower	Theresa Donahue Egler, Erica L. Edwards	journal article	It is hereby ordered that judgment is rendered in favor of the plaintiff, Sheldon H. Parker, on his claim of retaliation pursuant to the Conscientious...	August 1992
Loyalty in Business?	John Corvino	journal article	Discussions of loyalty in business typically assume that employees have a prima facie duty of loyalty to their companies, one that sometimes conflicts with other...	November 2002
Can Whistleblowing Be FULLY Legitimated? A Theoretical Discussion	Natalie Dandekar	journal article	Whistleblowing as a phenomenon seems puzzling. The whistleblower presumably acts to bring a wrongful practice to public attention so that those with power are enabled...	1991
Should Employees Be Held Accountable for Acting on What They Discover?	Theo Brooks	journal article	The purpose of this article is to answer the question: Should employees be held accountable for acting on what they discover? To do so, we...	2002
Employee attitudes toward whistleblowing: Management and public policy implications	Elletta Sangrey Callahan, John W. Collins	journal article	Managers of organizations should be aware of the attitudes of employees concerning whistleblowing. Employee views should affect how employers choose to respond to whistleblowers through...	December 1992
Blowing the Whistle: Business Ethics and Accountability	Gordon Borrie	journal article	As with so many recent developments in modern culture, there is an assumption that whistleblowing is a concept imported directly into this country from the...	April 1996
Whistleblowing and Professional Responsibilities	Sissela Bok	journal article	“Whistleblowing is a new word in the glossary of labels generated by our increased awareness of the ethical conflicts encountered at work. Whistleblowers sound an...	1980
Ethical characteristics of whistle blowers	Mary Brabeck	journal article	Thirty-two undergraduates participated in a confederate-peer study of whistle blowing behavior. Using J. R. Rest's (1979, Revised Manual for the Defining Issues Test, Minneapolis, Minnesota...	1984
Sundstrand: A Case Study in Transformation of Cultural Ethics	James A. Benson, David L. Ross	journal article	This analysis examines whistleblowing within the context of organizational culture. Several factors which have provided impetus for organizations to emphasize ethical conduct and to encourage...	October 1998
WhistleBlowing: Corporate Help or Hindrance?	Gerald Vinten	journal article	A series of case studies of whistle‐blowers suggests that most suffer harm of one sort or another, however justified their cause. Research on whistle blowing...	1992
Characteristics of Organizational Climate and Perceived Wrongdoing Associated with Whistle-Blowing Decisions	Marcia P. Miceli, Janet P. Near	journal article	The potential explanations of why some observers report organizational wrongdoing, whereas others do not, are considered in this study. Nearly 8,600 randomly selected employees of...	September 1985
Whistleblowers and the Narrative of Ethics	C. Fred Alford	journal article	What if we developed an ethical theory based on the narratives of people widely regarded as ethical? This would be an inductive ethical theory, built...	December 2002
Teaching Enron: the rhetoric and ethics of whistle-blowing	Richard House, Anneliese Watt, J.M. Williams	journal article	Sherron Watkins has been labeled a corporate whistleblower based on the letter she sent in August 2001 to Kenneth Lay, Chairman of the Board of...	December 2004
The Struggles of Being Ernest	Alison Ross Wimsatt	journal article	As management systems deputy in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, A. Ernest Fitzgerald has undeniably paid a price for his...	1999
Using Financial Incentives and Income Contingent Penalties to Detect and Punish Collusion and Insider Trading	Bruce Chapman, Richard Denniss	journal article	Collusion and insider trading, being white collar crimes, are often characterised as being victimless crimes. The absence of identifiable victims makes the detection of these...	2005
It Takes Two to Blow the Whistle: Do Journalists Control the Outbreak of Scandal?	Tamar Lieves, Shoshana Blum-Kulka	journal article	The article argues that the exposure of scandal, often seen as constituting the highest journalistic achievement, is not necessarily controlled by the journalist. Looking at...	2004
Effective Whistle-Blowing	Jane P. Near, Marcia P. Miceli	journal article	Whistleblowing is often assumed to benefit society at large - whether from the view of 60 Minutes or from that of the members of the...	July 1995
Anonymity and whistleblowing	Frederick A. Elliston	journal article	This paper examines the moral arguments for and against employees' blowing the whistle on illegal or immoral actions of their employers. It asks whether such...	August 1982
The Making of a Whistleblower and the Importance of Ethical Autonomy: James F. Alderson	Curtis Ventriss, Shane M. Barney	journal article	This article examines how James Alderson blew the whistle on the fraudulent Medicare practices of one of America largest hospital conglomerates, Columbia/HCA, and its former...	2003
Protecting whistleblowers	Gavin Yamey	journal article	Whistleblowers have been likened to bees1: a whistleblowing employee has only one sting to use, and using it may well lead to career suicide. In...	2000
Pitfalls on the road to drug safety	Carl Schoenberger	journal article	The recent withdrawal of rofecoxib (Vioxx) from the worldwide market has focused intense public scrutiny on drug safety. Although the US Food and Drug Administration...	2004
Transparency	Jane Smith	journal article	Transparency is, of course, implicit in what whistleblowers do. In this week’s feature Jane Cassidy describes some well known episodes of whistleblowing—and what happened to...	July 2009

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Whistleblowing -Is it Really Worth the Consequences?	Kayla L. Delk	journal article	This article explores general principles of state whistleblower laws and alerts nurses to considerations when deciding whether to report an employer violation. Reporting an employer...	2013
Whistleblowing and Boundary Violations: exposing a colleague in the forensic milieu	Cindy Peternelj-Taylor	journal article	The purpose of this article is to examine the phenomenon of whistleblowing as it relates to a reconstructed case study of an erotic boundary violation...	September 2003
Why did my colleagues turn to crime?	Jorma Palo	journal article	Years before these events became public I initiated the foundation of a clinical research institute at my university hospital. Its main purpose was to channel...	May 2004
Whistle-Blowing: Effective and Ineffective Coping Responses	Sally McDonald, Kathy Ahern	journal article	How do nurses respond when they identify misconduct in patient care settings? The authors used a descriptive survey (N=95) to identify effective coping strategies of...	August 2007
Misconduct In Medical Research: Does It Exist In Britain?	Stephen Lock	journal article	All studies of deviance are plagued by the difficulty of estimating prevalence; accusers use the numerator and defenders the denominator. In thinking about the problems...	December 1988
Blowing the whistle on healthcare fraud: should I?	N.S. Hannigan	journal article	Purpose: The purpose of this article is to explore some of the factors involved when a nurse practitioner (NP) is confronted with a healthcare fraud...	November 2006
Are nurses who fail to blow the whistle on bad practice protecting themselves?	Nigel Jopson, Ian Pierce-Hayes	journal article	Nigel Jopson and Ian Pierce-Hayes discuss the issues surrounding whistleblowing. (Description from Source)	May 2008
“Whistleblowing: a health issue	K. Jean Lennane	journal article	Objective-To examine the response of organisations to whistleblowing and the effects on individual whistleblowers. Design-Questionnaire survey of whistleblowers who contacted Whistleblowers Australia after its publicity campaign. Setting-Australia....	September 1993
Whistle-Blowing as a Form of Advocacy: Guidelines for the Practitioner and Organization	Annette D. Greene, Jean Kantambu Latting	journal article	Advocacy has been an inherent component of social work since the mid-1800s. The NASW Code of Ethics explicitly promotes advocacy as an ethical stance against...	April 2004
Whistleblowing in the OR: the ethical implications	AM Haddad, CJ Dougherty	journal article	1. Whistleblowing highlights the positive social behavior that is intended to benefit others while concealing what is sometimes considered disloyal behavior. 2. Loyalty is one...	March 1991
Changing the face whistleblowing	Peter Gooderham	journal article	A decade after the scandal at Bristol Royal Infirmary whistleblowing is still hazardous to whistleblowers. A whistleblower is a person who informs on another or...	2009
Aubrey Blumsohn: Academic who took on industry	Clare Dyer	journal article	Aubrey Blumsohn forfeited his job after going public with concerns about access to Procter and Gamble’s research data on the osteoporosis drug risedronate. Clare Dyer...	2009
Whistleblowers: Heroes or Stool Pigeons - Part I	Janine Fiesta RN	journal article	In previous articles the issue of accountability in nursing practice has been addressed. Everyone working in the healthcare delivery system has a degree of accountability...	June 1990
Medicine needs its MI5	Duncan Campbell	journal article	The time is long overdue to add another arm to the policing of medicine. In this article I suggest changes to lever out of the...	December 1997
Stop Gagging Physicians!	Jennifer L. D'Isidori	journal article	For purposes of this Note, a physician blows the whistle on the existence of a gag provision when she either complains to the managed care...	1997
Patient Advocacy and Whistle-Blowing in Nursing: Help For the Helpers	Sharon L. Andersen RN	journal article	This article examines the phenomenon of whistle‐blowing and its antecedent dynamics, including invidious organizational tactics that are employed to silence patient advocates. Moral distress and...	July 1990
Falling foul of gagging clauses	Jane Cassidy	journal article	Gagging clauses can also work in favour of doctors who leave trusts “under a cloud, making it difficult for future employers to find out what...	2009
Education and a multi-agency approach are key to addressing elder abuse	Caroline Bond	journal article	While nurses are able to identify abusive situations involving older people, they are reluctant to act on their fears. This is partly due to a...	2004
Anatomy of computer accounting frauds	A. Seetharaman, M. Senthilvelmurugan, Rajan Periyanayagam	journal article	This paper introduces fraud as asset misappropriations (85 per cent of cases), corruption and fraudulent statements. Symptoms include accounting anomalies, lack of internal control environment,...	2004
Whistle-blowing to internal auditors	William J. Read, D.V. Rama	journal article	Whistle‐blowing can play an important role in the internal control environment of an organization, and internal auditors are its natural outlets. This study examines whistle‐blowing...	2003
The Effect of Groupwork on Ethical Decision-Making of Accountancy Students	Conor O'Leary, Gladies Pangemanan	journal article	Recent accounting scandals involving the collapse of large corporate firms have brought into question the adequacy of ethics education within accounting programs. This paper investigates...	October 2007
Auditor Whistle Blowing: The Financial Fraud Detection And Disclosure Act	Allison Dabbs Garrett	journal article	Where were the Auditors? Required Audit Procedures Under the FFDDA -Detection of Illegal Acts -Current Auditing Standards Governing Detection of Illegal...	1993
Whistleblowing and management accounting: An approach	Stephen E. Loeb, Suzanne N. Cory	journal article	In this paper, we consider the licensing of and codes of ethics that affect the accountant not in public accounting, the potential for an accountant...	December 1989
Whistle-Blowing Engineer	Douglas Oliver	journal article	Engineers face a unique situation with respect to reporting unsafe situations that are created by an employer or a client, in that licensed engineers may...	October 2003
Responsibility without Moralism in Technoscientific Design Practice	Tsjalling Swierstra, Jaap Jelsma	journal article	While engineering ethics usually addresses the responsibility of engineers in rare cases of whistle blowing, the authors broach the question to what extent engineers can...	May 2006

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Tags	Publication Date
Whistleblowing: Professionalism, Personal Life, and Shared Responsibility for Safety in Engineering	Mike W. Martin	journal article	Right off, this interest in whistleblowing tells us something important about engineering. Whistleblowing occurs in all professions, and most of what I say will...		1992
The difficulties of whistleblowers finding employment	Firas Qusqas, Brian H. Kleiner	journal article	Briefly considers the ethical issue of whistle blowing before considering the difficulties whistleblowers face when attempting to find employment, especially in the public sector. Provides...		2001
A Word to the Wise: How Managers and Policy-Makers can Encourage Employees to Report Wrongdoing	Marcia P. Miceli, Janet P. Near, Terry Morehead Dworkin	journal article	When successful and ethical managers are alerted to possible organizational wrongdoing, they take corrective action before the problems become crises. However, recent research [e.g., Rynes...		May 2009
Blowing the Whistle on Fraud	Rinita Sarker	journal article	Employees who blow the whistle at work on serious fraud and malpractice out of concern for public interest, are to be afforded new protection against...		1995
Measurements and markets: Deconstructing the corruption perception index	William De Maria	journal article	Purpose – The paper aims to examine how the measurement of African “corruption has been manipulated to serve western economic interests. Design/methodology/approach – In depth...		2008
Culture and Ethics Management: Whistle-blowing and Internal Reporting within a NAFTA Country Context	Brent MacNab, Richard Brislin, Reg Worthley	journal article	This article examines the relation of culture to the propensity for, and potential effectiveness of, both internal reporting and whistle-blowing as ethics management tools within...		2007
Decision-Making Process of Internal Whistleblowing Behavior in China: Empirical Evidence and Implications	Julia Zhang, Randy Chiu, liqun Wei	journal article	In response to the lack of empirical studies examining the internal disclosure behavior in the Chinese context, this study tested a whistleblowing-decision-making process among employees...		2009
Translating Corporate Culture around the World: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Whistleblowing as an Example of HOw to Say and Do the Right Thing	Laura P. Hartman, Dawn R. Elm, Tara J. Radin, Kelly Pope	journal article	In terms of ethical business practices, MNEs operating with trust and integrity in the global environment must have corporate cultures that demonstrate such values. The...		2009
Whistleblowing: The UK experience, Part II	Gerald Vinten	journal article	We begin with health and safety, notably in the risky working environment of the oil rigs, before moving on to the health service. Social services...		January 2004
Whistleblowing: The UK Experience, Part I	Gerald Vinten	journal article	An historical saunter is taken through the development of approaches, legal and organisational, to deal with whistleblowing. Whistleblowing engenders strong emotions, and it is not...		November 2003
Some Cross-Cultural Evidence on Ethical Reasoning	Judy Tsui, Carolyn Windsor	journal article	This study draws on Kohlberg's Cognitive Moral Development Theory and Hofstede's Culture Theory to examine whether cultural differences are associated with variations in ethical reasoning....		May 2001
Culture and Whistleblowing: An Empirical Study of Croatian and United States Managers Utilizing Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions	A.A. Tavakoi, John P. Keenan, B. Cranjak-Karanovic	journal article	Leaders and managers of today's multinational corporations face a plethora of problems and issues directly attributable to the fact that they are operating in an...		March 2003
Debating a whistle-blower protection act for employees of the Government of Canada	Paul G. Thomas	journal article	Based on the premise that whistle‐blowing is most appropriately regarded as a morally ambiguous activity, this article examines how the Liberal government of Paul Martin...		March 2008
‘Whistle Blowing’ Regulation and Accounting Standards Enforcement in Germany and Europe - an Economic Perspective	Matthias Schmidt	journal article	Many countries regard whistle blowing by employees as eligible to assure ethical conduct of firms and therefore enacted statutory rules in order to fortify that...		August 2003
Promise and Peril in Combating Corruption: Hong Kong’s ICAC	Max J. Skidmore	journal article	Since its founding, Hong Kong had been troubled with corruption. Eventually, the corruption became so serious as to threaten some of the basic institutions of...		September 1996
The Impact of National Culture and Economic Ideology on Managerial Work Values: A Study of the United States, Russia, Japan, and China	David A. Ralston, David H. Holt, Robert H. Terpstra, Yu Kai-Cheng	journal article	This study assesses the impact of economic ideology and national culture on the individual work values of managers in the United States, Russia, Japan, and...		January 2008
Structural Pluralism and the Right to Information	Alasdair S. Roberts	journal article	In many nations, the structure of the public sector has changed dramatically. Public services are now delivered through a variety of governmental, quasi-governmental and private...		July 2001
Blowing the Whistle on Sarbanes-Oxley: Anonymous Hotlines and the Historical Stigma of Denunciation in Modern Germany	Judith Rauhofer	journal article	The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires listed US companies as well as non-US companies listed on a US stock exchange to establish procedures for dealing with confidential,...	Sarbanes Oxley	2007
Whistleblowing: An Ethical Dilemma	Joan K. Pierson, Karen A. Forcht, Ben M. Bauman	journal article	Because most organizations depend on computer systems that electronically store important data to perform crucial business functions, the integrity of these information systems is paramount....		1993
Employee perceptions regarding whistle-blowing in the workplace: A South African perspective	Sandra Perks, Elroy E. Smith	journal article	The purpose of whistle-blowing is to eradicate unethical behaviour in the work place. This article investigates the perceptions of South African employees (n=387) employed in...		2008
NAFTA Students’ Whistle-Blowing Perceptions: A Case of Sexual Harassment	Lucia Peek, Maria Roxas, George Peek, Yves Robichaud, Blanca E. Covarrubias Salazar, Jose N. Barragan Codina	journal article	Business students from the three NAFTA countries were shown a possible Sexual Harassment scenario from Arthur Andersen’s Business Ethics Program. They were asked to respond...		September 2007
The Influence of Confucian Ethics and Collectivism on Whistleblowing Intentions: A Study of South Korean Public Employees	Heungsik Park, Michael T. Rehg, Donggi Lee	journal article	The current study presents the findings of an empirical inquiry into the effects of Confucian ethics and collectivism, on individual whistleblowing intentions. Confucian Ethics and...		June 2005
Tricks of Memory	Robert O. Paxton	journal article	When Alain Resnais made his somber masterpiece on Nazi-occupied France, Night and Fog(1955), he was required before the film could be licensed for showing to...		November 1991
Cultural Orientation and Attitudes Toward Different Forms of Whistleblowing: A Comparison of South Korea, Turkey, and the U.K.	Heungsik Park, John Blenkinsopp, M. Kemal Oktem, Ugur Omurgonulsen	journal article	This article reports the findings of a cross-cultural study that explored the relationship between nationality, cultural orientation, and attitudes toward different ways in which an...		November 2008
Whistleblowing as Planned Behavior - A Survey of South Korean Police Officers	Heungsik Park, John Blenkinsopp	journal article	This article explores the relevance of the Theory of Planned Behavior to whistleblowing research, and considers whether its widely tested validity as a model of...		April 2009

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Tags	Publication Date
Whistleblower Protection Act	Hideo Mizutani	journal article	The Whistleblower Protection Act (hereafter called the “Protection Act) was enacted in June 2004 (it came into effect as of April 1, 2006). By setting...		2007
‘When Would You Do It?’ An Investigation into the Effects of Retaliation, Seriousness of Malpractice and Occupation on Willingness to Blow the Whistle	Barbara Masser, Rupert Brown	journal article	A questionnaire study involving white collar workers (n=48) investigated the effects of the threat of retaliation, seriousness of malpractice and occupational status of the observer...		May 1996
Culture and Ethics Management: Whistle-blowing and Internal Reporting within a NAFTA Country Context	Brent MacNab, Richard Brislin, Reg Worthley	journal article	This article examines the relation of culture to the propensity for, and potential effectiveness of, both internal reporting and whistle-blowing as ethics management tools within...		2007
The Whistle-Blower and the Non-Executive Director	John Lowry	journal article	This note reviews the disqualification regime, with particular reference to unfitness, together with the standard of care, skill and diligence expected of directors. Emphasis is...		2006
Critical review of Queensland’s Crime and Misconduct Commission Inquiry into abuse of children in foster care: Social work’s contribution to reform	Bob Lonne, Jane Thomson	journal article	This paper profiles Queensland's recent Crime and Misconduct Commission Inquiry into the abuse of children in foster care. The authors welcome the outcome as an...		March 2005
The Impact of Moral Reasoning and Retaliation on Whistle-Blowing: New Zealand Evidence	Gregory Liyanarachchi, Chris Newdick	journal article	This study examined experimentally the effect of retaliation strength and accounting students’ level of moral reasoning, on their propensity to blow the whistle (PBW) when...		September 2009
Ten Years of Public Interest Disclosure Legislation in the UK: Are Whistleblowers Adequately Protected?	David Lewis	journal article	The purpose of this article is to assess the operation of the UK’s Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 (PIDA 1998) during its first 10 years...		October 2008
Comparing Chinese and American Managers on Whistleblowing	John P. Keenan	journal article	Whistleblowing involves present or former organization members reporting illegal, unethical or illegitimate activities under the control of organization leaders to parties who are willing and...		June 2007
A Content Analysis of Whistleblowing Policies of Leading European Companies	Harold Hassink, Meinderd de Vries, Laury Bollen	journal article	Since the introduction of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002 and several other national corporate governance codes, whistleblowing policies have been implemented in a growing...		September 2007
Eating Its Own: The Whistleblower’s Organization in Vendetta Mode	William De Maria, Cyrelle Jan	journal article	This paper reports on Australia's largest whistleblower study. Specifically it focuses on the experiences of whistleblowers in the Queensland public sector during the Goss Labor...		December 2016
The downside of whistleblowing	K Jean Lennane, William De Maria	journal article	The profession has to try to learn to welcome and adapt to dissent. (Description from Source)		October 1998
Whistleblower protection: is Africa ready?	William De Maria	journal article	The article critically examines propositions driving the exportation of western whistleblower concepts into the developing world.1 1 The full definition used in the article is that...		August 2005
Whistleblowing in Japan	Anne J. Davis, Emiko Konishi	journal article	This article, written from research data, focuses on the possible meaning of the data rather than on detailed statistical reporting. It defines whistleblowing as an...		March 2007
Common law - common mistakes?	William De Maria	journal article	Purpose: The paper aims to respond conceptually, rather than empirically, to policy ignorance. It seeks to examine certain aspects of whistleblower protection offered in the...		2006
Ethical Judgment and Whistleblowing Intention: Examining the Moderating Role of Locus of Control	Randy K. Chiu	journal article	The growing body of whistleblowing literature includes many studies that have attempted to identify the individual level antecedents of whistleblowing behavior. However, cross-cultural differences in...		March 2003
Ethics Control Mechanisms: A Comparative Observation of Hong Kong Companies	Theodore T. Y. Chen	journal article	Managers with different cultural backgrounds and under different circumstances have different views on what is acceptable ethical behaviour. This study attempts to determine whether major...		April 2001
The Effect of National Culture on Whistle-Blowing Perceptions	Richard G. Brody, John M. Coulter, Suming Lin	journal article	Society continues to be concerned about the impact of ethics on decision making. While many researchers have focused on this issue, the increased globalization of...		December 1999
“Citizen Rewards to Promote Environmental Crimes Prosecutions	James D. Oesterle	journal article	Resource and regulatory agencies dealing with declining enforcement budgets must maximize use of every available investigative tool. Whistleblowers have historically played an important role in...		2009
NGOs as Lawmakers, Watchdogs, Whistle-blowers, and Private Attorneys General	Susan D. Daggett	journal article	The role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in American governance, specifically, their role as lawmaker, watchdog, whistleblower, and private attorney general, is a unique one. Although...		2002
An Overview of Whistleblower Protection Claims at the United States Department of Labor	William Dorsey	journal article	Most Americans hold their jobs at the will of their employer; they may be terminated at any time, for any reason - or for no...		March 2006
The Promise of Compelled Whistleblowing: What the Corporate Governance Provisions of Sarbanes Oxley Mean for Employment Law	Elizabeth Chika Tippett	journal article	This article discusses punitive approaches to whistleblowing - imposing liability on employees for failing to act in the face of wrongdoing. There has been little...	Sarbanes Oxley	2007
Whistleblower Retaliation and Document Destruction: Beware the Civil and Criminal Sanctions of Sarbanes-Oxley	Paul D. Frederickson	journal article	SOX has increased the regulation, accountability and potential liability of officers, directors, corporate and public accountants, and other finance and investment professionals involved in financial...	Sarbanes Oxley	2004
The Paradoxical Nature of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act As it Relates to the Practitioner Representing a Multinational Corporation	John Thompson	journal article	Many people are unfamiliar with the SarbanesOxley Act (“SOA), despite the fact the Act impacts many people within the United States, as well as those...	Sarbanes Oxley	2006
Whistle-Blowers’ Experiences in Fraud Litigation against Pharmaceutical Companies	Aaron S. Kesselheim M.D. J.D. M.P.H., David M. Studdert LL.B. Sc.D. M.P.H, Michelle M. Mello J.D. Ph.D. M.Phil.	journal article	The goal of this study is to shed light on the motivations and experiences of whistle-blowers in cases of major health care fraud. We conducted...		May 2010
Whistle-Blowing for Profit: An Ethical Analysis of the Federal False Claims Act	Thomas L. Carson, Mary Ellen Verdu, Richard E. Wokutch	journal article	This paper focuses on the 1986 Amendments to the False Claims Act of 1863, which offers whistle-blowers financial rewards for disclosing fraud committed against the...		February 2008

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Revitalizing the civil service	Alan K. Campbell	journal article	Federal employees today are more highly educated, more experienced and more capable than ever before. Right now, the competition to get a federal job is...	February 1978
Re-Establishing Confidence in Government	Alan L. Dean	journal article	The article discusses various issues related to the re-establishing confidence in government. That there has been in recent years dangerous erosion in citizen confidence in...	January 1977
Civil Service Reform: A New Commitment	Alan K. Campbell	journal article	The article focuses on the proposed civil service reform in the U.S., under the administration of the U.S. President James Earl Carter. The President is...	March 1978
Watergate: Retrospective Policy Implications	Ronald E. Pynn	journal article	On September 8, 1974 President Gerald R. Ford granted a “full, free, and absolute pardon unto Richard Nixon for all offenses against the United States....	September 1975
Watergate in Retrospect: The Forgotten Agenda	Public Administration Review	journal article	In March 1974 a panel appointed by the National Academy of Public Administration responded to a request from the Ervin Committee (Senate Select Committee on...	May 1976
Whistleblowing and nonviolence	Brian Martin	journal article	Whistleblowing and nonviolent action have a number of similarities and connections, yet seldom have they been discussed together. There are a number of lessons from...	January 1999
Whistleblowing: A Restrictive Definition and Interpretation	Peter B. Jubb	journal article	Whistleblowing has been defined often and in differing ways in the literature. This paper has as its main purposes to clarify the meaning of whistleblowing...	August 1999
Civil disobedience and whistleblowing: A comparative appraisal of two forms of dissent	Frederick A. Elliston	journal article	This paper compares and evaluates two forms of dissent: civil disobedience — protests by citizens against the laws or actions of their government; and whistleblowing...	February 1982
Behavioral Study of obedience	Stanley Milgram	journal article	This articles describes a procedure for the study of destructive obedience in the laboratory. It consists of ordering a naive S to administer increasingly more...	1963
Some thoughts on ethics of research: After reading Milgram’s “Behavioral Study of Obedience.	Diana Baumrind	journal article	The S has the right to expect that the psychologist with whom he is interacting has some concern for his welfare, and the personal attributes...	1964
Whistleblowers - A Legitimate Role in Corporate Life?	Gary Bastin, Peter Townsend	journal article	The repercussions for the exposed whistleblowing employee are not always as drastic as those for Stanley Adams or Karen Silkwood. Adams, an ex‐senior executive at...	1996
Whistleblowing and corruption control: The GE case	Louis M. Seagull	journal article	This paper focuses on the use of the amended False Claims Act to counter defense contract fraud against the U.S. government. The case deals with...	December 1994
Protection for Employee Whistleblowers under the Fair Labor Standards Act and Missourt’s Public Policy Exception: What Happens If the Employee Never Whistled	Jeff Le Riche	journal article	The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) was implemented by Congress in 1938 in an attempt to assure most workers of an adequate minimum wage and...	1995
Kulch v. Structural Fibers, Inc.: Clarifying the Public Policy Exception	Sandra J. Rosenthal	journal article	….Kulch confirmed the elements essential to a wrongful discharge cause of action. Kulch also reaffirmed previous decisions by the Ohio Supreme Court that the public...	1997
Nuclear Employers No Longer Shielded From Whistleblower State Tort Claims: Fallout From English v. General Electric Company	Thomas Michael Rittweger	journal article	The purpose of this Comment is to examine the importance of nuclear safety in the commercial nuclear utility plant environment, 4 as well as the...	1991
An Analysis of Current Whistleblower Laws: Defending a More Flexible Approach to Reporting Requirements	Gerard Sinzdak	journal article	This Comment analyzes the arguments both for and against strict report recipient requirements. This analysis reveals that neither an external nor an internal report recipient...	2008
State Whistleblower Statutes and the Future of Whistleblower Protection	Robert G. Vaughn	journal article	Much is gained by examining the statutes as a group rather than describing individual statutes or cataloging types of provisions. 13This comprehensive examination permits an...	1999
No Plaintiff Left Behind: Liability for Workplace Discrimination and Retaliation in New Jersey	Richard A. West Jr. Esq.	journal article	This article reviews New Jersey law to the extent that it has created statutory liabilities for employers regarding discrimination and retaliation claims beyond what presently...	2003
Blowing the Whistle on Balla v. Gambro: The Emergence of an In-House Counsel’s Cause of Action in Tort for Retaliatory Discharge	Brett Lane	journal article	Much has changed in the twelve years since the Illinois Supreme Court's decision in Balla v. Gambro 1 refused to recognize an in-house counsel's claim...	2004
Whistleblower Bounty Lawsuits as Monitoring Devicesin Government Contracting	William E. Kovacic	journal article	The past quarter century has yielded a substantial literature concerning the mechanisms by which public legal commands such as statutes and regulations are enforced. Research...	June 1996
New Whistleblower Protections For Employees of Government Contractors And State And Local Governments	Robert B. Fitzpatrick	journal article	The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA), P.L. 111-5, 123 Stat 115, recently signed into law by President Obama, provides for nearly $500...	August 2009
Enforced Separation: Utilizing the False Claims Act to Prosecute Government Contractors Spending Federal Funds in Violation of Church/State Regulations	Randall M. Levine	journal article	This note will analyze whether the FCA can be used to prosecute faith-based organizations that spend federal funds in violation of agency church-state rules and...	2005
Efficiency Considerations and the Use of Taxpayer Resources: An Analysis of Proposed Whistleblower Protection Act Revisions	Jocelyn Patricia Bond	journal article	Part I of this Article will discuss the legal and political landscape of federal employee protections under the WPA and its later amendments. It will...	2009
Federal Employment - The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 - Removing Incompetents and Protecting Whistle Blowers	Andrew Baran	journal article	Criticism of the performance of federal employees and of the civil service system under which they operate is hardly a new development, but in recent...	1979
The Pebble in the Shoe: Making the Case for the Government Employee	Joan R. Bullock	journal article	This Article addresses the issue of whether federal government employees should be able to use the False Claims Act, also known as the federal whistleblower...	1993

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Tags	Publication Date
Whistle-Blowing in the Public Service: an Overview of the Issues	James S. Bowman	journal article	Whistle-blowing, as a form of dissent in American bureaucracies, first emerged in force during the late 1960's and early 1970's, and was institutionalized in the...		1980
The Lawyer as Whistleblower: Confidentiality and the Government Lawyer	Roger C. Cramton	journal article	The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, bolstered by the Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989, provides protection to federal government employees who “blow the whistle...		1991
Garcetti V. Ceballos: The Dual Threshold Requirement Challenging Public Employee Free Speech	Kathryn B. Cooper	journal article	One such enduring uncertainty arising out of the Pickering decision comes from the Supreme Court's use of the words as a citizen in the text...		2006
Behold the shut-eyed sentry!	William DeMaria, Cyrelle Jan	journal article	Whistleblowers, employees of conscience who report on wrongdoing, integrate into their socially useful role one of exposing institutional torpor and bureaucratic incompetence in those official...		June 1995
Developments in the Law: Public Employment	Harvard Law Review	journal article	Legal control of the public employment relationship is a subject of growing importance. Millions of Americans are employed by the federal, state, and local governments;...		May 1984
Whistleblower Protection - The Gap Between the Law and Reality	Thomas M. Devine, Donald G. Aplin	journal article	At first glance, the last decade appears to have introduced a refreshing trend that protects freedom to honor newly established or reinforced professional codes of...		1988
The United States Supreme Court Announces New Rule For First Amendment Free Speech Cases: Public Employee Whistle-Blowes Need Not Apply	Leonard J. Dietzen III	journal article	On May 30, 2006, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its long awaited opinion, Garcetti v. Ceballos, 126 S. Ct. 1951 (2006), which will impact millions...		October 2005
The Government Attorney and the Right to Blow the Whistle: The Cindy Ossias Case and its Aftermath (A Two-Year Journey to Nowhere)	Charles S. Doskow	journal article	This article will explore each of the foregoing reactions, and consider their relationship to each other. It will review the details of the Department of...		2003
The “Official Duties Puzzle: Lower Courts’ Struggle with First Amendment Protection for Public Employees After Garcetti v. Ceballos	Christine Elzer	journal article	Part I provides a background on the state of the law of First Amendment protection from retaliation for public employees prior to Garcetti. Part II...		2007
Public Employee Whistleblowers after Garcetti V. Ceballos	David A. Drachsler	journal article	From 1968 until 2006, the Supreme Court had developed a very workable standard for the scope of First Amendment protection for public employees when they...		2008
Representational Standing: U.S. ex rel. Stevens and the Future of Public Law Litigation	Myriam E. Gilles	journal article	Part I reviews the Supreme Court's modem standing jurisprudence, giving particular attention to the constitutionalization of standing doctrine and the limits imposed upon congressional efforts...		2001
Plugging the Leaks: Applying the Model Rules to Leaks Made by Government Lawyers	Kristina Hammond	journal article	This Note explores the additional responsibilities government attorneys have not to reveal confidential information, above and beyond the duty of confidentiality which binds a private...		2004
The Public Interest Defence to the Action for Breach of Confidence and the Law Commission’s Proposals on Disclosure in the Public Interest	Yvonne Cripps	journal article	The Law Commission has recommended the replacement of the common law action for breach of confidence with a new set tort of breach of a...		1984
IP and SOX: Managing Intellectual Property Assets in Accordance with Sarbanes-Oxley	James H. Johnson	journal article	Publicly traded companies beware: Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) requires certified disclosures of matters that materially affect, or are likely to have a...	Sarbanes Oxley	2009
The Nature and Limits of the Whistleblower’s Contribution to Administrative Responsibility	Philip H. Jos	journal article	Insofar as they can trigger existing accountability mechanisms that otherwise might not have uncovered or pursued administrative wrongdoing, whistleblowers can promote a more responsible public...		1991
In Praise of Difficult People: A Portrait of the Committed Whistleblower	Philip H. Jos, Mark E. Tompkins, Steven W. Hays	journal article	The article presents information on a study which is based on a survey, conducted under conditions of anonymity by a university-based group, of the largest...		1989
“Whistle…...And You’ve Got an Audience	Amanda C. Leiter	journal article	One of the questions for discussion today is whether public rights litigation is an effective means of social change. This Article does not attempt an...		2009
Silencing Government Employee Whistleblowers in the Name of “Efficiency	Rosalie Berger Levinson	journal article	By definitively declaring that speech disclosing government wrongdoing, graft and inefficiency is of public concern and by saying that such speech is protected unless a...		1996
Silence in the Hallways: The Impact of Garcetti V.Ceballos on Public School Educators	Martha M. McCarthy, Suzanne E Eckes	journal article	In 2006, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Garcetti v. Ceballos that “when public employees make statements pursuant to their official duties, the employees are...		2008
Citizenship, Organizational Citizenship, and the Laws of Overlapping Obligations	Orly Lobel	journal article	This Article develops a conceptual framework that integrates new insights about the post-industrial economy, organizational theory, and regulatory effectiveness, arguing that the balance between exit,...		April 2009
“Lie or Lose Your Job! Protecting a Public Employee’s First Amendment Right to Testify Truthfully	Scott E. Michael	journal article	This article proposes an end to the guesswork for one type of public employee speech: truthful testimony. The Supreme Court should adopt a standard holding...		2006
The Federal Government Lawyer’s Duty to Breach Confidentiality	James E. Moliterno	journal article	The lawyer's duty of confidentiality springs from the lawyer-client relationship and its parameters are determined by the nature of that relationship. The federal government lawyer's...		2005
Public Employee Speech, Categorical Balancing and Section 1983: A Critique of Garcetti v. Ceballos	Sheldon H. Nahmod	journal article	The Supreme Court's 2006 decision in Garcetti v. Ceballos is striking. In the course of limiting an important and respected thirty-eight-year-old First Amendment precedent, Garcetti...		2008
The Government Attorney-Whistleblower and the Rule of Confidentiality: Compatible at Last	Jesselyn Radack	journal article	This Article submits that the ABA's new Ethics 2000 version of Model Rule 1.6, which broadens the exceptions to confidentiality, is a giant step towards...		2003
Eras in Public Employment-Free Speech Jurisprudence	Joseph O. Oluwole	journal article	This Article examines the whistleblowing rights of teachers by categorizing the public employment–free speech jurisprudence of the U.S. Supreme Court into various eras. Identifying these...		2007

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Federal Employment Decisions of the Federal Circuit	Robert G. Vaughn	journal article	The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit reviews final decisions of the United States Merit Systems Protection Board (Board). 1 The court,...	1985
The Scope of Bush v. Lucas: An Examination of Congressional Remedies for Whistleblowers	Barry J. Shotts	journal article	This Note argues that the CSRA cannot preclude a judicially created [*588] remedy for whistleblowers not entitled to judicial review of either their...	April 1988
Public Employees and the Right to Disobey	Robert G. Vaughn	journal article	One employee is ordered to install an illegal wiretap, another improperly to award an architectural contract, another to release grant funds to an unqualified recipient,...	1977
Whistleblower Protection and the Challenge to Public Employment Law	Robert Vaughn American University	journal article	Whistleblowers who are public employees are protected by statutes which vary in scope and character, but authorise employees to disclose information outside of the chain...	2009
The Struggles of Being Ernest	Alison Ross Wimastt	journal article	As management systems deputy in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, A. Ernest Fitzgerald has undeniably paid a price for his...	1999
Public Employee Free Speech: The Policy Reasons for Rejecting a Per Se Rule Precluding Speech Rights	Marni M. Zack	journal article	Public employees do not enjoy the same free speech rights under the First Amendment as do ordinary citizens. The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals recently...	2005
“One of the Dirty Secrets of American Corrections: Retaliation, Surplus Power, and Whistleblowing Inmates	James E. Robertson	journal article	Retaliation is deeply engrained in the correctional office subculture; it may well be in the normative response when an inmate files a grievance, a statutory...	2009
Inspection and Oversight in the Federal Courts: Creating an Office of Inspector General	Diane M. Hartmus	journal article	On December 5, 1995, Senator John McCain introduced legislation to amend the Inspector General Act of 1978 and establish an Office of Inspector General (IG)...	1999
Whistleblowers and Tax Enforcement: Using Inside Information to Close the ‘Tax Gap’	Edward A. Morse	journal article	This article examines the current legal structure allowing rewards for informants who provide information to assist the IRS in the enforcement of the tax laws....	2009
A Measured Approach: Employment and Labor Law During the George W. Bush Years	William J. Kilberg, Jason Schwartz, Joshua Chadwick	journal article	On the whole, the Bush Administration took a thoughtful and measured approach to labor and employment law issues. Two principal themes emerged from the Administration’s...	2009
Full and Fair Resolution of Whistleblower Issues: The Hanford Join Council for Resolving Employee Concerns, A Pilot ADR Approach	Jonathan Brock	journal article	The patchwork of laws, regulations and programs available for whistle-blower issues are seldom pathways to resolution. The outcomes, particularly in the more complex or polarized...	1999
The sociology of the sociology of law: A view from economics	Richard A. Posner	journal article	The sociology of law appears to be a weak field in the United States, in comparison to other interdisciplinary fields of legal study, notably economic...	December 1995
Whistleblower Protection and the Office of Special Counsel: The Development of Reprisal Law in the 1980s	Bruce D. Fong	journal article	Since its inception, OSC's role in the enforcement of the CSRA's protections for whistleblowers has been the subject of intense debate, scrutiny, and controversy. 20...	1991
The Opinions of the Merit Systems Protection Board: A Study in Administrative Adjudication	Robert G. Vaughn	journal article	The opinions of the Merit Systems Protection Board during its initial two years provide a source book to study administrative adjudication. These opinions contain particularly...	1982
The Rights of Probationary Federal Employee Whistleblowers Since the Enactment of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978	Benjamin C. Indig	journal article	This Comment focuses on the rights, since the passage of the CSRA, of the probationary employee who exposes fraud and mismanagement in the federal government....	1983
Federalizing Weingarten: An NTEU Perspective	Robert M. Tobias, William Harness	journal article	The bill was strongly supported by President Carter, so the union committed itself to ensure that, through necessary amendments, the undesirable provisions of the bill...	1988
5 U.S.C. § 7703(d): the Civil Service Commission Did Not Fade Away - Entirely	Earl Sanders	journal article	It is the position of this article that, given the structure created by CSRA, the function of statutory interpretation vested in the Federal Circuit under...	1988
Statutory Protection of Whistleblowers in the Federal Executive Branch	Robert G. Vaughn	journal article	This article examines the character of statutory protections provided by the Act and analyzes various interpretive problems which are likely to arise. The article also...	1982
The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 and Legal Regulation of Public Bureaucracies	Robert G. Vaughn	journal article	This article examines the Act after ten years and concludes that the Act has been successful in consolidating the legal regulation which Congress has historically...	1988
The Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989: Foundation for the Modern Law of Employment Dissent	Thomas M. Devine	journal article	Since passage of the 1994 amendments, 20 encouraging patterns are beginning to emerge. New trends suggest that respect for the WPA's good government free speech...	1999
Abuse of Authority: The Office of the Special Counsel and Whistleblower Protection	Thomas M. Devine, Donald G. Aplin	journal article	Even the clearest congressional intent is no stronger than the commitment of those with the discretion and responsibility to implement a statute. For federal employee...	1986
The Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989: A False Hope for Whistleblowers	Bruce D. Fisher	journal article	This article reviews protections of Federal Whistleblower Act of 1989 and why such protections are illusory. (Description from SSRN)	1991
Note: Amending the Whistleblower Protection Act: Will Federal Employees Finally Speak Without Fear?	Rebecca L. Dobias	journal article	This Note examines the current problems with whistleblower law, with particular emphasis on several recent Federal Circuit decisions that, according to some legislators and agency...	2003
Limits of Federal Protest	Cary S. Hershey	journal article	The federal civil service is now experiencing its first major retrenchment in forty years. The active buildup of the Vietnam and Great Society years has...	1974
Politically Motivated Bar Discipline	James E. Moliterno	journal article	By politically motivated bar complaints, I mean complaints that would not be lodged but for a political motivation. They are not pursued to vindicate the...	2005

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
1992 Area Summaries: Survey of MSPB Cases in 1991-1992: Theoretical Critique and Practical Applications	G. Jerry Shaw Jr., William L. Bransford, Richard A. Moore, Chrisopher M. Okay	journal article	Now fourteen years old, the U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board (Board or MSPB) has developed a sufficient track record in adjudicating issues of federal employment...	1992
Whistleblower and Federal Qui Tam Litigation- Suing the Corporation for Fraud	Joel M. Androphy, Mark A. Correro	journal article	One day Robert Relator, formerly chief financial officer of a major corporation, walks into your office with a story about fraud against the federal government....	2003
The False Claims Act and the English Eradication of Qui Tam Legislation	J. Randy Beck	journal article	Congress amended the False Claims Act in 1986 to encourage qui tam enforcement of the statute, which penalizes submission of false claims to the federal...	2000
Medicare Medical Necessity Determinations Revisited: Abuse of Discretion and Abuse of Process in the War Agaist Medicare Fraud and Abuse	Timothy P. Blanchard	journal article	In 1990, I undertook a review of “medical necessity policy in the context of the Medicare Part B program, and concluded-among other things- that Medicare...	1999
Qui Tam Provisions and the Public Interest: An Empirical Analysis	Christina Orsini Broderick	journal article	Do qui tam provisions, which allow private citizens to bring civil actions in the name of the government, really serve the public interest? Most scholarship...	May 2007
Why Thompson is Wrong: Misuse of the False Claims Act to Enforce the Anti-Kickback Act	John T. Boese, Beth C. McClain	journal article	An increasing number of qui tam suits filed under the whistleblower provisions of the civil False Claims Act are premised on alleged violations of the...	1999
Mutiny of the Bounty: A Moderate Change in the Incentive Structure of Qui Actions Brought Under the False Claims Act	Jonathan T. Brollier	journal article	This Note proposes two amendments to the False Claims Act, a federal statute that encourages whistleblowers to prosecute, on behalf of the government and themselves,...	2006
The False Claims Act: Congress Giveth and the Courts Taketh Away	Gregory G. Booker	journal article	This Article analyzes recent judicial interpretations of the FCA. Part I of the Article reviews the legislative history of the FCA and the broad remedial...	2001
Game Theory and the Civil False Claims Act: Iterated Games and Close-knit Groups	Pamela H. Bucy	journal article	This Article uses game theory to analyze the public-private partnership created by the civil FCA. Because of the FCA's enormous success in detecting and deterring...	2004
Moral Messengers: Delegating Prosecutorial Power	Pamela H. Bucy	journal article	This article is the seventh, and last, in a series on the delegation of prosecutorial power to private parties. 4 This series has offered the...	2006
States, Statutes and Fraud: Emerging State Efforts to Combat White Collar Crime	Pamela Bucy Pierson	journal article	This article addresses the trend of using private citizens to help prosecutors detect and prove fraud. The premiere white collar crime tool used by the...	April 2009
Qui Tam: Blowing the Whistle for Uncle Sam	Anna Mae Walsh Burke	journal article	Qui tam, or standing in the shoes of the king, is an old occupation but never before has it been so profitable. A qui tam...	1997
Do Good and Get Rich: Financial Incentives for Whistleblowing and the False Claims Act	Elletta S. Callahan, Terry M. Dworkin	journal article	This Article begins with a brief description of the ineffectiveness of legislative efforts in the last decade to encourage whistleblowing.4 The potential effectiveness of financial...	1992
The Constitutionality of Qui Tam Actions	Evan Caminker	journal article	The question whether the qui tam concept conforms to contemporary constitutional doctrines reflects a specific variation on this larger theme: Does the Constitution empower only...	1989
Corporate Responsibility and State False Claims Acts: Evaluating the Use of Qui Tam Proceedings to Revoke the Charters of Corporate Polluters	Ryan C. Drake	journal article	This Comment examines the use of qui tam proceedings by whistleblowers to obtain standing to request corporate dissolution for environmental crimes. While many commentators have...	2008
Expanded Hospital Liability Under the Federal False Claims Act: An Unexpected Solution to the Resident Duty Hour Controversy	Robert R. Elder	journal article	Although well intentioned, the ACGME restrictions on Resident duty hours have been only marginally successful in curtailing the medical community•s habit of requiring Residents to...	2008
The Incentives Matrix: The Comparative Effectiveness of Rewards, Liabilities, Duties and Protections for Reporting Illegality	Yuva Feldman, Orly Lobel	journal article	Social enforcement is becoming a key feature of regulatory policy. Increasingly, statutes rely on individuals to report misconduct, yet the incentives they provide to encourage...	May 2010
The False Claims Act - Finding Middle Ground Between Opportunity and Opportunism: The “Original Souce Provision of 31 U.S.C. sect. 3730(e)(4)	Susan G. Ferntin	journal article	This Note addresses the jurisdictional requirements expressed in section 3730( e)( 4) of the Act,11 specifically the original source provisions that bar a private plaintiff...	1995
Qui Tam Suits: Defining the Rights and Roles of the Government and the Relator under the False Claims Act	Gretchen L. Forney	journal article	This Note discusses the positions courts have taken concerning the rights of the government and individual plaintiffs in qui tam suits under the FCA and...	1998
Snitching for Dollars: The Economic and Public Policy of Federal Civil Bounty Programs	Marsha J. Ferziger, Daniel G. Currell	journal article	The federal government routinely pays individuals for tips that facilitate its regulatory and law enforcement efforts. However, in the aftermath of public reaction to Linda...	1999
Dodging Double Jeopardy: Combined Civil and Criminal Trials	Luis Garcia-Rivera	journal article	In section II, this Comment will briefly discuss Florida's False Claims Act, focusing on the specific sections that affect double jeopardy. The Comment will explore...	1996
Soldiers of “Qui Tam Fortune: Do Military Service Members have Standing to File “Qui Tam Actions Under the False Claims Act?	Dan L. Hargrove	journal article	This article argues that a plain reading of the FCA reveals that federal employees and military service members have standing to prosecute qui tam actions....	2004
When You Have a Hammer Everything Looks Like a Nail: Misapplication of the False Claims Act to Off-Label Promotion	Ralph F. Hall, Robert J. Berlin	journal article	This article addresses, and frankly questions, whether truthful off-label promotion 6 can or should form the basis for FCA liability.7 The authors raise four core...	2006
The Federal False Claims Act: Can Whistle Blowers Reach State and Local Tax Dollars?	John R. Hellow, Stacie K. Neroni	journal article	The increasing use of the False Claims Act (FCA or Act) 1 by both whistle blowers and federal officials extracts hundreds of millions of dollars...	2000
How Great is Thy Bounty: Relator’s Share Calculations Pursuant to the False Claims Act	James B. Helmer Jr.	journal article	Upon being served with the first qui tam suit that I filed in 1984, the defense counsel remarked to a reporter that the suit “looked...	1999

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
War Stories: A History of the Qui Tam Provisions of the False Claims Act, The 1986 Amendments to the False Claims Act, and Their Application in the United States ex rel. Gravitt v. General Electric Co. Litigation	James B. Helmer, Robert C. Jr.	journal article	In 1863, the United States of America was in deep trouble. Rebel forces again threatened to move on Washington, D.C. Although vastly outnumbered in terms...	1991
State Sovereign Immunity and the False Claims Act: Respecting the Limitations Created by the Eleventh Amendment upon the Federal Courts	James Y. Ho	journal article	Part I of this Note provides a brief history of qui tam actions and of the FCA. This part also considers the procedures governing the...	1999
Qo Vadis, ‘Qui Tam’? The Future of Private False Claims Act Suits Against States after Vermont Agency of Natural Resources V. United States Ex Rel. Stevens	Kary Klismet	journal article	Since Congress amended the Federal False Claims Act in 1986, the Act's qui tam provisions, which allow individuals to sue on behalf of the federal...	2001
The False Claims Act and Managed Care: Blowing the Whistle on Underutilization	Mary DuBois Korhn	journal article	This Comment argues that the FCA, traditionally invoked to uncover and attack overutilization, presents the Government with a threatening and powerful tool to deter underutilization...	1997
‘Promises to Keep:’ Health Care Providers and the Civil False Claims Act	Joan H. Krause	journal article	This article analyzes the government's use of the Civil False Claims Act (FCA) against health care providers by comparing current theories of health care liability...	2002
The Standing of Qui Tam Relators Under the False Claims Act	Thomas R. Lee	journal article	This Comment focuses on the question of whether a qui tam relator can satisfy the Article III standing tests of injury in fact, causation, and...	1990
Cosmetic Compliance and the Failure of Negotiated Governance	Kimberly D. Krawiec	journal article	Although this Article does not adopt public choice theory’s radically negative view of private influence on the governance process, neither does it accept the benign...	2003
Enforced Separation: Utilizing the False Claims Act to Prosecute Government Contractors Spending Federal Funds in Violation of Church/State Regulations	Randall M. Levine	journal article	The False Claims Act (FCA) may provide a means to prosecute faith-based organizations for the most egregious misuses of federal funds. The FCA criminalizes the...	2005
Fight for Your Right to Litigate: Qui Tam, Article II, and the President	Ara Lovitt	journal article	In this note, Ara Lovitt argues that the qui tam provisions of the False Claims Act, which allow private citizens to litigate on behalf of...	April 1997
Rockwell International, Pndcrete, and an A La Carte Three-Step Test for Determining an “Original Source in Qui Tam Lawsuits	Matthew Lund	journal article	This Comment proceeds by introducing the legislative and historical context of qui tam actions under the FCA in Part I. Part II summarizes the circuit...	2008
The Moral Hazard Problem with Privatization of Public Enforcement: The Case of Pharmaceutical Fraud	Dayna Bowen Matthew	journal article	This Article takes a law and economics approach to exploring some of the costs that arise when governments rely on private enforcement to accomplish the...	2007
Tainted Prosecution of Tainted Claims: The Law, Economics, and Ethics of Fighting Medical Fraud Under the Civil False Claims Act	Dayna Bowen Matthew	journal article	The Article begins by exploring the puzzling body of federal common law that has evolved in the tainted-claims cases. Part I explores the increasingly aggressive...	2001
As False Claim Penalties Mount, Defendants Scramble for Answers Qui Tam Liability	Tipon F. McCubbins, Tara I. Fitzgerald	journal article	Claims against those who defraud the Federal Government particularly in the health care industry are on the rise. Whistleblowers are using the False Claims Act...	November 2006
Qui Tam Can; Qui Tam Can’t; An Analysis of Vermont Agency of Natural Resources v. United States Ex Rel. Stevens	Jamie McMahon	journal article	Part I of this Comment briefly reviews the FCA by describing its historical context and by outlining the relevant statutory provisions. Part II discusses the...	2000
The Last Privateers Encounter Sloppy Seas: Inconsistent Original-Source Jurisprudence Under the Federal False Claims Act	Frederick M. Morgan Jr., Julie W. Popham	journal article	The 11 years since the False Claims Act was modernized to expand the circumstances under which private citizens can sue government contractors who make false...	1998
The Role of Qui Tam Actions Under the False Claims Act in Preventing and Deterring Fraud Against Government	Dr. Carl Pacini, Michael B. Hood	journal article	Citizen involvement has made a significant contribution to the effort to pursue those who defraud the federal government. Between 1987 and 2003, over 4,200 qui...	2007
Notes: The False Claims Act, Qui Tam Relators, and the Government: Which Is the Real Party to the Action?	Valerie R. Park	journal article	Both the litigation theory and the cause of action theory are logical and valid approaches for determining the status of a lawsuit. Both set up...	May 1991
Calling Off the Bounty Hunters: Discrediting the Use of alleged Anti-Kickback Violations to Support Civil False Claims Actions	Lisa Michelle Phelps	journal article	The first purpose of this Note is to highlight the existence of anti-kickback-based tainted claims and outline their development. Accordingly, Part II of this Note...	1998
False Claims Act’s Public Disclosure Bar: Defining the Line Between Parasitic and Beneficial	J. Moran Phelps	journal article	Qui tam provisions may provide a useful way for the government to draw assistance from the public, however, in the last six decades, many suits...	1999
Current Practice and Procedure Under the Whistleblower Provisions of the Federal False Claims Act	Marc S. Raspanti, David M. Laigaie	journal article	Part I of this article discusses the history of the qui tam provisions of the False Claims Act, with special attention on the 1986 Amendments...	1998
Taking the Fear out of Being a Tattletale: Whistle Blower Protection under the False Claims Act and Neal v. Honeywell, Inc.	Timothy P. Olson	journal article	This Note discusses the protection section 3730(h) of the False Claims Act gives to employees who assist the government in identifying fraudulent defense contractors. Section...	1995
The Buck Stops Here: Preemption of Third-Party Claims by the False Claims Act	Thomas F. O’Neil III, Adam H. Charnes, Shannon T. Hanson	journal article	During the past ten years, both the United States and individual whistleblowers have relied with increasing fervor on the False Claims Act (FCA or the...	N/A
Vermont Agency of Natural Resources: Has the High Court Sounded the Death Knell for Qui Tam Litigation?	Catherine L. Razzano	journal article	This Note focuses on the status of qui tam litigation under the FCA and its effects on the healthcare community. Part I examines the FCA...	2002
Prosecutorial Indiscretion: Encouraging the Department of Justice to Rein in Out of Control Qui Tam Litigation Under the Civil False Claims Act	Michael Rich	journal article	This Article explores how the incentives created by the civil False Claims At (FCA), a qui tam statute that is the government’s primary litigation tool...	2008
A Gathering Storm: The New False Claims Act Amendments and their Impact on Healthcare Fraud Enforcement	Robert T. Rhoad, Matthew T. Esq.	journal article	It is crucial that all entities, including healthcare entities, whether traditional government contractors, government program participants, or merely recipients of federal funding, heed warnings and...	August 2009

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Tags	Publication Date
The False Claims Act: An Old Weapon with New Firepower Is Aimed at Health Care Fraud	David J. Ryan	journal article	Once a figure of the Old West, the bounty hunter has appeared on the horizon in the fight against health care fraud. Armed with the...		1995
Raising the Hue...And Crying: Do false Claims Act Qui Tam Relators Act Under Color of Federal Law?	Isaac B. Rosenberg	journal article	This note considers whether the interaction of whistleblower protections and incentives provided by the False Claims Act and the disclosure requirements of the recently enacted...		2008
Screening Out Unworthy Whistleblower Actions: An Historical Analysis of the Public Discourse Jurisdictional Bar to Qui Tam Actions Under the False Claims Act	Robert Salcido	journal article	This article explores the interests and policies underlying the public disclosure jurisdictional bar. The review begins with an analysis of the bar's predecessor, the 1943...		1995
A Key Time for Qui Tam: The False Claims Act and Alabama	R. Harrison Smith	journal article	This Comment analyzes the various policy considerations regarding whether the State of Alabama should pass its own equivalent of the FCA. Part II provides an...		2007
Counterclaims against Whistleblowers: Should Counterclaims against Qui Tam Plaintiffs Be Allowed in False Claims Act Cases	Kent D. Strader	journal article	This Comment discusses the competing interests involved in the issue of whether to allow counterclaims against qui tam plaintiffs under the FCA. In Part II,...		1993
The King and I?: An Examination of the Interest Qui Tam Relators Represent and the Implications for Future False Claims Act Litigation	Nathan Sturycz	journal article	In the face of the ever-growing wave of FCA and qui tam actions, defendants have seemingly few successful, non-substantive defenses. Although the FCA currently provides...		2010
What’s Standing After Lujan? Of Citizen Suits, “Injuries, and Article III	Cass R. Sunstein	journal article	This article is divided into three Parts. Part I briefly sets out the history of the law of standing. Here I discuss the clear acceptance...		1992
Sounding the Death Toll for Health Care Providers: How the Civil False Claims Act Has a Punitive Effect and Why the Act Warrants Reform of Its Damages and Penalties provision	Stephanie L. Trunk	journal article	In 1863, the Civil False Claims Act (“CFCA or “Act) was adopted and signed into law by President Lincoln. The law was intended to combat...		2003
A Critical Analysis of Restrictive Interpretations Under the False Claims Act’s Public Disclosure Bar: Reopening the Qui tam Door	Gary W. Thompson	journal article	This Article explores the various ways and the extent to which courts have used the public disclosure bar to subvert Congress's intent in enacting the...		1997
A Fraud Against One is Apparently a Fraud Against All: The Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act’s Unprecedented Expansion of Liability Under the False Claims Act	Justin P. Tshcoepe	journal article	On September 2, 2009, the Department of Justice (DOJ) announced an agreement with the pharmaceutical giant Pfizer, Inc. to settle claims arising from both criminal...		2010
Based Upon: Deriving Plain Meaning from the False Claims Act’s Jurisdictional Bar	Jonathan Peirce Ursprung	journal article	This Comment first defines the problem clearly. Part II then considers the statutory text within a rigorous analytic framework adopted from the field of linguistics....		2009
Whistleblowers and Qui Tam for Tax	Dennis J. Ventry	journal article	This Article examines the expanded tax informant program and the recently established Whistleblower Office. It largely embraces the revamped tax whistleblower provisions, and recommends that...		2008
Dead Men Telling Tales: A Policy-Based Proposal for Survivability of Qui Tam Actions Under the Civil False Claims Act	Vickie Williams	journal article	Part II of this Article discusses the current version of the Act and its evolution from its original 1863 version. Part III discusses the historical...		2005
The Public Disclosure Bar Against Qui Tam Suits	Robert L. Vogel	journal article	This article will argue that the Fourth Circuit's interpretations of the public disclosure bar and original source exception both are consistent with the plain language,...		1995
Sarbanes-Oxley Criminal Whistleblower Provisions and the Workplace: More Than Just Securities Fraud	Jay P. Lechner, Paul M. Sisco	journal article	The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was enacted in 2002 to restore investor confidence in the nation’s financial markets in the wake of the Enron scandal.1 Its...	Sarbanes Oxley	June 2006
Surveillance and Control: Privatizing and Nationalizing Corporate Monitoring after Sarbanes-Oxley	Larry Cata Backer	journal article	This essay explores consequences flowing from the imposition of increasingly significant governmentally directed and enforced surveillance obligations on private actors within the economic sphere. The...	Sarbanes Oxley	2004
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act: Federalizing Norms for Officer, Lawyer, and Accountant Behavior	Larry Cata Backer	journal article	In response to a number of corporate scandals, the federal government enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the Act). The Act creates a framework of...	Sarbanes Oxley	2002
Governing Corporate Compliance	Miriam Hechler Baer	journal article	In light of the financial meltdown of 2008, it is reasonable to question whether the prior decade's emphasis on corporate compliance—the internal programs that corporations...		2009
Just Pucker and Blow?: An Analysis of Corporate Whistleblowers, the Duty of Care, the Duty of Loyalty, and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act	Leonard M. Baynes	journal article	In the midst of this new anti-corporate environment, corporate whistleblowers recently have received a lot of favorable press. For instance, Sherron Watkins has been described...	Sarbanes Oxley	2002
From Enron to Worldcom and Beyond: Life and Crime After Sarbanes-Oxley	Kathleen F. Brickey	journal article	This Article presents the alternative view that the Act’s criminal provisions make significant strides toward piercing the veil of corporate silence. Part I of the...	Sarbanes Oxley	2003
Sarbanes-Oxley: A Primer for Public Companies, and Their Officers and Directors, and Audit Firms	Robert C. Brighton	journal article	The focus of the Act and this article is the regulation of the accounting profession and of the auditing and financial reporting process of public...	Sarbanes Oxley	2004
The Rise of the Whistleblower and the Death of Privacy Impact of 9/11 and Enron	James Ottavio Castagnera	journal article	The article investigates the impact of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack and the accounting scandals of 2002 on political and economic security in the...		March 2003
Whistler’s Nocturne in Black and Gold-the Falling Rocket: Why the Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblower Provision Falls Short of the Mark	Jon B. Chiara, Michael D. Orenstein	journal article	This paper addresses the efficacy of the Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblower provision, for both the employer and employee, through a comparison of the whistleblower provision with other...	Sarbanes Oxley	2005
Whistling in the Dark? Corporate Fraud, Whistleblowers, and the Implications of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for Employment Law	Miriam A. Cherry	journal article	Passed in 2002 in the wake of the accounting scandals that resulted in billions of dollars of lost value to shareholders, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has...	Sarbanes Oxley	November 1, 2004
Whistleblower Protection under Sarbanes-Oxley: Key Provisions and Recent Case Developments	Jennifer Christian	journal article	Congress enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 as a firm response to the large number of corporate accounting scandals that arose between the late 1990s...	Sarbanes Oxley	2006

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Tags	Publication Date
Carnero v. Boston Scientific Corporation: An Analysis	Daniel Allen Cohn	journal article	This case note will examine the 1 s' Circuit's decision in Carnero v. Boston Scientific Corp., holding the whistleblower protection provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act...		2007
SOX and Whistleblowing	Terry Morehead Dworkin	journal article	The language of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) leaves no doubt that Congress intended whistleblowing to be an integral part of its enforcement mechanisms. The Act...		2007
Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblower Hotlines Across Europe: Directions Through the Maze	Donald C. Dowling	journal article	Sarbanes-Oxley compliance obligations reach their tentacles into many aspects of corporate governance. One discrete, and seemingly-straightforward, aspect of SOX and its Section 301 mandate that...	Sarbanes Oxley	2008
The Mirage of Whistleblower Protection Under Sarbanes-Oxley: A Proposal for Change	Beverley H. Earle, Gerald A. Madek	journal article	This article examines the dilemma of whistleblower protection under SOX. Part II examines the history and text of the statute's provisions. Part III places SOX...	Sarbanes Oxley	N/A
Confidential Arbitration of Whistleblower Actions: A Loophole That Could Effectively Undo the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Nicholas E. Eckelkamp	journal article	In Fall 2001, the American people and the American business community were shaken to their core, not only by deplorable acts carried out by foreign...	Sarbanes Oxley	2009
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002: A New Ballgame for Accountants	Stephen C. Gara, Craig J. Langstraat	journal article	Introduction, Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (Registration, Auditing Standards, Periodic Inspections, Disciplinary Action, SEC Oversight of the PCAOB, PCAOB Funding, PCAOB Jurisdiction), Generally Accepted Accounting...	Sarbanes Oxley	2003
SOX, Statutory Interpretation, and the Seventh Amendment: Sarbanes-Oxley Act Whistleblower Claims and Jury Trials	Jarod S. Gonzalez	journal article	Congress provided SOX whistleblowers with a private right of action allowing them to bring an action at law to seek legal relief in the form...	Sarbanes Oxley	2006
A Business Ethics Perspective on Sarbanes-Oxley and the Organizational Sentencing Guidelines	David Hess	journal article	This Article assesses the ability of Sarbanes-Oxley and other recent changes in the law and stock exchange listing requirements to reduce the incidence of fraud...	Sarbanes Oxley	June 2007
Whistleblowing, Sarbanes-Oxley, and Retaliation Claims	Debra S. Katz	journal article	Undoubtedly the most widely discussed federal whistleblower statute is the enacted provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-204 (July 30, 2002)...	Sarbanes Oxley	2007
From Lapdog to Watchdog: Sarbanes-Oxley Section 307 and a New Role for Corporate Lawyers	Peter C. Kostant	journal article	Much of the commentary on the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SarbanesOxley)1 has been negative and harsh. Critics have characterized SarbanesOxley reforms as largely irrelevant, ineffective,...	Sarbanes Oxley	2007
Pretty New Sox, But Plenty of HOles: An Analysis of the Government’s Inability to Apply Section 806 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Extraterritorially	Brad Levy	journal article	This Comment explains the relevant aspects of SOX and explores the potentially dangerous effects of the loophole exposed by Carnero. 7 Part II elaborates on...	Sarbanes Oxley	2007
Preemption - The Preemptive Scope of the Airline Deregulation Act as Amended by the Whistleblower Protection Program: Wright v. Nordam Group, Inc.	Katrina Maher	journal article	IN WRGHT V. NORDAM Group, Inc.,' the U.S. District Court .for the Northern District of Oklahoma erred in holding that all state law whistleblower claims...		2009
Sarbanes-Oxley’s Structural Model to Encourage Corporate Whistleblowers	Richard E. Moberly	journal article	While academic and public attention has focused almost exclusively on Sarbanes-Oxley's version of the Anti-retaliation Model: this Article is the first comprehensive academic work to...	Sarbanes Oxley	2006
Unfulfilled Expectations: An Empirical Analysis of Why Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblowers Rarely Win	Richard E. Moberly	journal article	Scholars praise the whistleblower protections of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 as one of the most protective anti-retaliation provisions in the world. Yet, during its...	Sarbanes Oxley	2007
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Japanese Accounting Big Bang: New Motivations for the Promotion of Multidisciplinary Practices	Kelly R. Morrison	journal article	Perhaps the United States can learn from Japan’s mistakes. The legislative quick fix of switching between policies of regulation and deregulation cannot effectively solve the...	Sarbanes Oxley	2004
Carnero v. Boston Scientific Corporation: Interpreting the Extraterritorial Effect of the Civil Whistleblower Protection Provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act	Caryn R. Nutt	journal article	Part I of this Comment presents the circumstances of Ruben Carnero's employment with BSC, the termination of his employment, and the ensuing litigation. Part II...	Sarbanes Oxley	2007
Whistleblower Claims Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Laurence S. Moy, Linda A. Esq., Hollis Neilan	journal article	This paper addresses the whistleblowing provisions of the Act and its accompanying regulations, provides guidance to lawyers advising companies responding to potential whistleblower complaints of...	Sarbanes Oxley	2009
Investigations, Inspections, and Audits in the Post-SOX Environment	Thomas C. Pearson	journal article	Specific results of SOX are discussed in Part II of this Article. SOX provided many benefits, but it did so at an increased cost.59 Some...		2007
Blowing the Whistle on Whistleblower Protection: A Tale of Reform Versus Power	Mary Kreiner Ramirez	journal article	The ability of the law to curb the exercise of political and economic power is always suspect, and this is a point of agreement among...		2008
Beyond Protection: Invigorating Incentives for Sarbanes-Oxley Corporate and Securities Fraud Whistleblowers	Geoffrey Chirstopher Rapp	journal article	Section 806 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX) recognized the importance of private actors in bringing to light information about corporate financial and accounting...	Sarbanes Oxley	2007
The Whistleblower Provision of Sarbanes-Oxley: Discerning the Scope of “Protected Activity	Robert P. Riordan, Leslie E. Wood	journal article	This article focuses on section 806 of SOX, the “whistleblower provision, which protects employees of publicly traded companies from retaliation for bringing certain perceived corporate...	Sarbanes Oxley	2006
Preventing Sarbanes-Oxley and other Whistleblower claims	Jill L. Rosenberg	journal article	The increased regulatory scrutiny in recent years of public corporations, broker‐dealers, and other investment companies has led to a wave of legislative and regulatory reforms....	Sarbanes Oxley	July 1, 2004
Running for Cover under Sarbanes-Oxley	Paul E. Rossler	journal article	The Sarbanes-Oxley Act 18 attempts to improve the whistleblower's situation. Yet, it remains unclear whether the Act's whistleblower provision 19 tempers these cultural forces any...	Sarbanes Oxley	2006
Internal Whistleblowing and Sarbanes-Oxley Section 806: Balancing the Interests of Employee and Employer	Kevin Rubinstein	journal article	This note contends that Section 806 fails to properly balance the countervailing and often competing interests of employees, employers, and the public by allowing employees...	Sarbanes Oxley	2007
The European Commission’s Action Plan to Modernize European Company Law: How Far Should the SEC Go in Exempting European Issuers from Complying with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act?	Kristina A. Sadlak	journal article	This paper proposes that the SEC should take further steps to exempt European issuers from certain of the Act’s provisions because they fail to consider...	Sarbanes Oxley	2006

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Tags	Publication Date
Lawyers in the Perfect Storm	Mark A. Sargent	journal article	The multiple corporate collapses and scandals of recent years, for which Enron is a convenient shorthand, resulted from a perfect storm in which regulatory oversight,...		2004
An International Train Wreck Caused in Part by a Defective Whistle: When the Extraterritorial Application of SOX Conflicts with Foreign Laws	Ian L. Schaffer	journal article	This Note deals with how the SEC (and U.S. courts) should handle situations in which foreign companies engage in conduct that may be legal where...		N/A
A Comparative Study of Monitoring of Management in German and U.S. Corporations After Sarbanes-Oxley: Where are the German Enrons, WorldComs, and Tycos?	Florian Stamm	journal article	It is the goal of this Note to compare the American and German systems of corporate governance, specifically monitoring mechanisms, to determine whether the presence...	Sarbanes Oxley	2004
Minimizing Corporate Liability Exposure When the Whistle Blows in the Post Sarbanes-Oxley Era	Marc I. Steinberg, Seth A. Kaufman	journal article	Over the past few years, numerous newspapers and magazines have featured stories discussing whistleblowers. From Sherron Watkins at Enron to Cynthia Cooper at Worldcom, employees...	Sarbanes Oxley	2005
Pleading a Sarbanes-Oxley Act Whistleblower Claim: What is Required to Survive?	Stephen B. Stern, Jonathan Cohen	journal article	Following Enron’s collapse and similar corporate sandals, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) with great fanfare. SOX has, among other things, imposed new disclosure requirements...	Sarbanes Oxley	2007
Nothing Concentrates the Mind Like the Prospect of a Hanging: The Criminalization of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act	Ann Marie Tracey, Paul Fiorelli	journal article	This article will discuss: (1) the events that led up to the whirlwind passage of the Act, (2) the legislative history for criminalizing a bill...	Sarbanes Oxley	2004
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act & the Culture of Bribery: Expanding the Scope of Private Whistleblower Suits to Overseas Employees	Matt A. Vega	journal article	This Article makes a case for using a private right of action to protect overseas employees from retaliation by their employers for reporting or opposing...	Sarbanes Oxley	2009
Conscripting Attorneys to Battle Corporate Fraud without Shields or Armor? Reconsidering Retaliatory Discharge in Light of Sarbanes-Oxley	Kim T. Vu	journal article	This Note advocates that federal courts should allow attorneys to bring retaliatory discharge claims under SOX. Traditional rationales prohibiting the claims of retaliatory discharge by...	Sarbanes Oxley	2006
Whistleblower Protections under the Srbanes-Oxley Act: A Primer and a Critique	Valerie Watnick	journal article	The question then is: are the administrative procedures and legal standards inherent in Sarbanes-Oxley such that the whistleblower protections are more illusory than functional? This...		2007
The Significance of the Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblower Provisions	Daniel P. Westman	journal article	Three years of litigation under the whistleblower provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Sarbanes-Oxley) have illustrated how different litigation of such disputes can be...	Sarbanes Oxley	2005
Whistleblowing in a Foreign Key: The Consistency of Ethics Regulation under Sarbanes-Oxley with the WTO GATS Provisions	Stewart M. Young	journal article	The overall purpose of this Article will be to examine the consistency of the legal regime established by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the ethical regulations...	Sarbanes Oxley	2003
Extraterritoriality and the Corporate Governance Law	Detlev F. Vegts	journal article	From time to time, relations between the United States and other states are strained by actions that others look upon as extraterritorial. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act...		April 2003
Seven Questions For Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblowers To Ask	Lynne Bernabei, Alan R. Kabat, Jason M. Zuckerman	journal article	Current and former corporate employees have frequently brought Sarbanes-Oxley (“SOX) whistleblower retaliation claims, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1514A, alleging that their employers terminated or otherwise...	Sarbanes Oxley	October 2007
For Corporate Fraud Whistleblowers: Timing Is Everything Under Section 806 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act	Floyd R. Hartley Jr.	journal article	Five years after the passage of legislation dealing with corporate fraud, the impact of the law continues to reverberate. The business community, regulators, and legislators...	Sarbanes Oxley	June 2007
Punitive Damages and the Anti-retaliation Penalties Provision of the Fair Labor Standards Act	Jennifer Baugh	journal article	Part II of this Note presents background information on the tort of wrongful discharge (the common-law analog to the anti-retaliation provision), the passage and purpose...		2003
Broad Whistleblower Protection Under the Federal Stimulus Law	Jyotin Hamid, Mary Beth Hogan	journal article	Jyotin Hamid and Mary Beth Hogan, partners at Debevoise & Plimpton, write that, because of the broad scope of 1553, employers receiving stimulus funds, as...		May 26, 2009
Holding Government Accountable: The Amended Freedom of Information Act	Elias Clark	journal article	My topic, which I hope meets your criterion, Fred, is the use of law to help toward the solution of this problem through the Freedom...		1975
FLSA Retaliation: A Continuum of Employee Protection	Jennifer Clemons	journal article	The Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA or “ACT), enacted by Congress on June 25, 1938, was a major development in the evolution of worker protection...		2001
Whistleblowing Statutes: Are they working?	Terry Morehead Dworkin, Janet P. Near	journal article	This article examines the impact of the described changes in the law on whistleblowing behavior, and their impact on employers. Questions addressed include whether the...		June 1987
The Evolution and Endpoint of Responsibility: The FCPA, SOX, Socialist-Oriented Governments, Gratuitous Promises, and a Novel CSR Code	Aaron Einhorn	journal article	The article's first section examines corruption and bribery. It discusses problems corruption creates in developed states and charts the evolution of U.S. and international measures...		2006
Whistle Blowing is not just for Gym Class: Looking into the Past, Present, and Future of Title IX	Lindsay C. Ferguson	journal article	This Comment explores the reach and grasp of Title IX by looking at the history of Title IX and its evolution over the last thirty...		2006
Is Whistleblowing Protection Available Under Title IX?: An Hermeneutical Divide and the Role of Courts	John A. Gray	journal article	The issue of the availability of whistleblower protection has recently surfaced, this time with respect to Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 in...		2006
Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education: Title IX’s Implied Private Right of Action for Retaliation	Journal of Constitutional Law	journal article	The Supreme Court has penned countless words about the sound of statutory silence. On March 29, 2005, the Court once again grappled with the meaning...		2006
Whistling While You Work: Expanding Whistleblower Laws to Include Non-Workplace-Related Retaliation After Burlington Northern v. White	Robert Johnson	journal article	Even though whistleblower statutes only cover workplace related retaliation, provisions in non-whistleblower laws such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 now...		2008
The Sanctions Provision of the Freedom of Information Act Amendments	Robert G. Vaughn	journal article	The sanctions provision of the Freedom of Information Act amendments (Amendments) provides a procedure whereby agency personnel who have withheld requested information may be subject...		1975

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Tags	Publication Date
Culling bad apples, blowing whistles and the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003	Susan Rogers	journal article	The Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (NZ) became New Zealand law on 18 September 2003. This article looks at the background to the Act...		2004
The Flying Whistleblower: It’s Time for Federal Statutory Protection for Aviation Industry Workers	Peter R. Marksteiner	journal article	There is a need for a federal aviation worker whistleblower protection statute. This Article addresses the following questions. What interest should such a law further?...		1999
Whistleblowing in the aerospace and defence industries	Dave Bucka	journal article	Defines whistle blowing before considering the dilemma faced by the whistleblower. Outlines the typical responses to the whistle blower and provides case examples from the...		2001
OSHA, AIR21 and Whistleblower Protection for Aviation Workers	Rita Murchy	journal article	This Comment demonstrates that all airline and airport employees, including security screeners, need significant whistleblower protection, and that OSHA is the best agency to administer...		2004
The Employee Health and Safety Whistleblower Protection Act and the Conscientious Employee: The Potential for Federal Statutory Enforcement of the Public Policy Exception to Employment at Will	Susan Sauter	journal article	On February 23, 1989, Senators Metzenbaum and Grassley introduced Senate Bill 436, the Employee Health and Safety Whistleblower Protection Act [the “Bill]. The Bill, which...		1990
Blowing the whistle on tax fraud	John Bruegger	journal article	Amendments to the code have beefed up the IRS’s ability to pursue tax fraud claims made by whistleblowers. Plaintiff lawyers have an important role to...		December 2008
KPMG and “Abusive Tax Shelters: Key Ethical Implications for Legal and Accounting Professionals	Ethan S. Burger, Don Mayer, Peter Bowal	journal article	This Article does not address whether the [the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004] is likely to succeed in reducing corporate incentives to outsource jobs...		2007
Beyond Liability: Rewarding Effective Gatekeepers	Lawrence A. Cunningham	journal article	This Article considers the context of financial reporting in connection with securities transactions. Complex forces of social norms and legal culture shape the character of...		2007
Beyond Protection: Invigorating Incentives for Sarbanes-Oxley Corporate and Securities Fraud Whistleblowers	Geoffrey Chirstopher Rapp	journal article	Section 806 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX) recognized the importance of private actors in bringing to light information about corporate financial and accounting...	Sarbanes Oxley	2007
Trying to Hear the Whistle Blowing: The Widely Misunderstood “Illegal Act Reporting Requirements of Exchange Act Section 10A	Thomas L Risenberg	journal article	Auditors and securities regulators have long had certain ambiguities in their relationship. On the one hand, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC or Commission) and...		August 2001
Determining Secondary Liability Under Securities Laws: Attorneys Beware!	Nicholas M. Wenner	journal article	Fraudulent activities and market manipulation contributed to the stock market collapse of 1929 and precipitated the enactment of the Securities Act of 1933 and the...		1988
Reviewing Silkwood at 25: The Reel Impact on Environmental Policy	Kelly Lynn Anders	journal article	The year 2008 will mark the twenty-fifth anniversary of the release of the film Silkwood, which depicted the events surrounding the apparent plutonium contamination and...		2007
The Whistleblower Exception to the At-Will Employment Doctrine: An Economic Analysis of Environmental Policy Enforcement	Chad A. Atkins	journal article	After centuries of neglect and disconcern, the nations of the world have realized that the condition of the environment is of crucial economic importance. As...		1992
Use of Lawyer-Client Privileged Information by In-House Counsel Whistleblowers in Their Own Retaliatory Discharge Actions Under the Environmental Laws	David A. Drachslet	journal article	The U.S. Department of Labor has recently blown a big hole in the protection for whistleblowers under the federal environmental laws, and in so doing...		2005
The Outsiders: Broadening the Scope of Standing in Whistleblower Actions in Light of Anderson v. United States Department of Labor	Dawn R. Franklin	journal article	Congress enacted the first federal employee protection provision (“Whistleblower provision) in the Water Pollution Control Act in 1972. Its purpose was to protect “employees who...		2005
“Snitching for the Common Good: In Search of a Response to the Legal Problems Posed by Environmental Whistleblowing	Stefan Ruetzel	journal article	Chapter I, after defining the scope of the article, examines the extent of the existing legal protection of such environmental whistleblowing, as well as legal...		1994
Environmental Whistleblowers and the Eleventh Amendment: Employee Protection or State Immunity?	Stephen M. Kohn, Michael D. Kohn, David K. Colapinto, Matthew H. Sorensen	journal article	...These rulings not only raise grave concerns over the protection of environmental whistleblowers. but also raise equally grave concerns about the potentially catastrophic effect that...		2001
Due Process and the Subpoena Power in Federal Environmental, Health, and Safety Whistleblower Proceedings	Stephen Smith	journal article	This Article argues that the subpoena power is a due process right vested in whistleblower litigants and, therefore, congressional grants are unnecessary. First, this Article...		1998
Full and Fair Resolution of Whistleblower Issues: The Hanford Joint Council for Resolving Employee Concerns, A Pilot ADR Approach	Jonathan Brock	journal article	The patchwork of laws, regulations and programs available for whistle-blower issues are seldom pathways to resolution. The outcomes, particularly in the more complex or polarized...		1999
Knox v. United States Department of Labor: The Potentially Risky Business of Interpreting Asbestos Statutes	Jessiva J. Suh	journal article	This Note examines the proper standard to apply when determining whether an employee's action is a protected activity under the CAA's whistleblower provision. 12 Section...		2007
Extraordinary Rendition: The Price of Secrecy	Louis Fisher	journal article	Part I of this Article identifies the legal principles that guide extradition, rendition, and kidnappings. Not until recent years did the Executive Branch ever claim...		N/A
In From the Cold: The Intelligence Community Whistleblower Protection Act of 1998	Thomas Newcomb	journal article	In February 1998, off a grand esplanade in Western Europe, in a station of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), young CIA case officers reacted uneasily...		N/A
On Terrorism and Whistleblowing	Michael P. Scharf, Colin T. McLaughlin	journal article	At a Bio-Terrorism Conference at Case Western Reserve University School of Law on March 31, 2006, the government participants were asked what they would do...		2007
The Espionage Act and National Security Whistleblowing After Garcetti	Stephen I. Vladeck	journal article	Should government employees ever have a right to disseminate classified national security information to the public? As a general matter, of course, the answer is...		2008
From China with Lead: The Hasty Reform of the Consumer Product Safety Commission	Russell T. Gips	journal article	“...this Comment seeks to examine the data behind the 2007 recall crisis and briefly but critically analyze pertinent sections of the CPSIA. Part II of...		2009

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Tags	Publication Date
The Architecture of Accountability: A Case Study of the Warrantless Surveillance Program	Kathleen Clark	journal article	This Article identifies mechanisms that help to hold the federal government’s executive branch accountable for complying with the law, and shows how claims of national...		2010
Advancing Federalism Concerns in Administrative Law Through a Revitalization of State Enforcement Powers: A Case Study of the Consumer Product Safety and Improvement Act of 2008	Amy Widman	journal article	While states have frequently enforced federal antitrust and environmental laws, this Article instead focuses on consumer protection law for four reasons. First, consumer protection agencies...		2010
The Global Explosion of Freedom of Information Laws	John M. Ackerman, Irma E. Sandoval-Ballesteros	journal article	FOI laws are a crucial step toward the solution of the accountability deficit. Nevertheless, the cure has not received the same attention as the sickness....		2006
An Update on Strengthening the Protection of Whistleblowers	Gerald E. Caiden, Judith A. Truelson	journal article	To understand the difficulties in strengthening whistleblower protection, this paper reviews US whistleblower protection under CSRA and examines the changes brought about by WPA. The...		N/A
Constitutional Environmental Law: Giving Force to Fundamental Principles in Africa	Carl Bruch, Wole Coker, Chris VanArsdale	journal article	This publication explores how constitutional provisions of African states can be used to create real, enforceable environmental rights. African states have varying legal traditions; namely,...		2007
Whistleblowing: Australian, U.K., and the U.S. Approaches to Disclosure in the Public Interest	Elletta Sangrey Callahan, Terry Morehead Dworkin, David Lewis	journal article	Thirty years ago, reactions to Ralph Nader's proposal to encourage whistleblowing as a means to stem organizational wrongdoing ranged from lukewarm support to strong opposition....		N/A
Whistleblowing: Theory and Practice	David Clark	journal article	...organizational secrecy is often used not merely to cover up embarrassment but to cover up fraud, breaches of the law and other forms of maladministration,...		1993
Whistleblowing, Red Chips, and the Provisional Legislature in Hong Kong	Anthony C. H. Chua	journal article	As a Hong Kong-born Chinese of parents from the neighboring province of Fuijan, I look forward to the long-term success of Deng’s model and hope...		January 1998
A Purposive Approach to Whistleblower Protection: A Comment on Merk v. International Association of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental and Reinforcing Iron Workers, Local 771	Sean C. Doyle	journal article	Whistleblowing may be defined as the disclosure by organization members ...of illegal, immoral or illegitimate practices under the control of their employers, to persons or...		2007
Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblower Hotlines Across Europe: Directions Through the Maze	Donald C. Dowling	journal article	Sarbanes-Oxley compliance obligations reach their tentacles into many aspects of corporate governance. One discrete, and seemingly-straightforward, aspect of SOX and its Section 301 mandate that...	Sarbanes Oxley	2008
Blood Justice: Courts, Conflict, and Compensation in Japan, France, and the United States	Eric A. Feldman	journal article	In the mid-1980s, many blood transfusion recipients and close to half of Japanese, American, and French hemophiliacs realized that tey had been infected with HIV-contaminated...		2000
Representation Reinforcement Through Advisory Commissions: The Case of Election Law	Christopher S. Elmendorf	journal article	An increasingly prominent strain of legal commentary warns that the democratic good of robust political competition is endangered by legislators' penchant for enacting, and preserving,...		November 2005
Whistleblowers, the Public Interest, and the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998	James Gobert, Maurice Punch	journal article	Corporate crime and organisational deviance raise complex legal issues. An initial problem lies simply in identifying when such wrongdoing has occurred. Here, whistleblowers can perform...		February 17, 2003
An Employee’s Duty of Loyalty: New Zealand Law and Practice	A.J. Geare	journal article	This paper is part of an international study comparing the way an employee’s duty of loyalty to his or her employer is viewed under different...		1998
Policy Considerations in the Formulation of Whistleblowers Protection Legislation: The South Australian Whistleblowers Protection Act 1993	M.R. Goode	journal article	Any consideration of a comprehensive strategy designed to combat fraud and corruption would not be complete without some attention being given to the legal and...		N/A
Incentivizing and Protecting Informants Prior to Mass Atrocities Such as Genocide: An Alternative to Post Hoc Courts and Tribunals	Eric Talbot Jensen	journal article	Nowhere has the ineffectiveness of international courts and tribunals been more dramatically demonstrated than in the area of genocide. The twentieth century was marked by...		December 31, 2006
Employee Loyalty in English Law	Bob Hepple	journal article	The duty of faithful service or fidelity, as it is commonly called, is regarded as a fundamental obligation implied by law into every individual contract...		1999
Human Rights Approaches of Corruption Control Mechanisms—Enhancing the Hong Kong Experience of Corruption Prevention Strategies	C. Raj Kumar	journal article	Hong Kong experienced rampant corruption until the late 1970s, after which systematic policies coupled with political will, law enforcement strategies and above all an enlightened...		2004
In Whose Interest? The Need for Consistency in to Whom, and About Whom, Australian Public Interest Whistleblowers can Make Protected Disclosures	Paul Latimer, AJ Brown	journal article	Since the 1990s Australia’s nine jurisdictions have passed (or, in the case of the Northern Territory, proposed to pass) public sector whistleblower legislation. The legislation,...		2007
Sarbanes-Oxley, Whistleblowing, and European Union Data Protection Laws	Paul Lanois	journal article	Globalization is changing the way financial markets operate. Today more than ever, stock markets are inextricably intertwined. A change in the legal landscape of one...	Sarbanes Oxley	2007
Whistleblowing in the Insurance Industry	Paul Latimer	journal article	Whistleblowing is a word not regularly used in Australian financial services regulation. The whistleblower is the person who reports wrongdoing to the company and to...		June 27, 2012
Whistleblower Laws: International Best Practices	Paul Latimer, AJ Brown	journal article	Since the 1990s, many public law jurisdictions around the world have enacted, or are committed to enacting, legislation to protect public interest whistleblowers. Whistleblower protection...		2008
Whistleblowing Statutes in Australia: Is It Time For A New Agenda?	David Lewis	journal article	Before discussing the principles upon which future legislation might be based, it is important to identify some of the issues that will and will not...		2003
Whistleblowing at Work: On What Principles Should Legislation Be Based?	David Lewis	journal article	This article briefly explains why whistleblowing is thought to be in the public interest in a democratic society. It then compares and contrasts the legislation...		N/A
A Comparative Analysis of the Influence of Legislative History on Judicial Decision-Making and Legislation	Robert G. Vaughn	journal article	The first part of this article argues that the English rules regarding the use of legislative history create the world envisioned by the critics of...		N/A

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Protecting whistleblowers at work: A comparison of the impact of British and South African legislation	David Lewis	journal article	Purpose – The paper proposes to compare the relative success of the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 (UK) and the Protected Disclosures Act 2000 (South Africa)...	2007
The Role of Statutory Regulation of Public Service Ethics in Great Britain and the United States	Robert G. Vaughn	journal article	This article discusses limitations placed on post-employment activities of public servants and whistleblower protection in the civil service and in local government. The article compares...	1981
The Doctrine of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights Regarding States’ Duties to Punish Human Rights Violations and Its Dangers	Fernando Felipe Basch	journal article	Part I describes the role of the Inter-American Court in the development of human rights protections in the Inter-American system. Part I also explains the...	2007
Whistling in the Wind? The Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998	Lucy Vickers	journal article	In a number of high profile disasters, human and financial, in recent years, such as the Piper Alpha oil rig fire and the collapse of...	April 27, 2006
Governance and Accountability: The Regional Development Banks	Enrique R. Carrasco, Wesley Carrington, HeeJin Lee	journal article	Good governance has become a mantra of the movement seeking to make multilateral financial institutions more accountable to their stakeholders while improving institutional governance. Although...	2009
From the Social Charter to the Social Action Program 1995-1997: EU Employment Law Comes Alive	Donald C. Dowling Jr.	journal article	As trade becomes increasingly global, and as Western Europe attains an increasingly important position in the world market, businesses based outside of Europe increasingly view...	1996
The Whistleblower Statute Prepared for the Organization of American States and the Global Legal Revolution Protecting Whistleblowers	Robert G. Vaughn, Thomas Devine, Keith Henderson	journal article	The first section of this Article canvasses the principal provisions of the model law. This canvass highlights the issues that such a law must address...	2003
Speaking Truth to Power? The Search for Bureaucratic Independence in Canada	Lorne Sossin	journal article	For government to be effective and to serve the public interest, politicians and bureaucrats must often work in tandem, hand in glove, especially in the...	2005
Ethics, Legitimacy, and Lawyering: How Do International Lawyers Speak Truth to Power?	Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law)	journal article	A panel thinking about the following questions: “How do we define the responsibility of international lawyers in advancing the legitimacy and fairness of international law?...	March 2007
Whistleblowing, MNCs, and Peace	Terry Morehead Dworkin	journal article	This Article examines the relationship among whistleblowing, corporations, and international peace. The Author attempts to establish that whistleblowing is a vital part of transparency and...	2002
Whistleblowers, Insubordination, and Employee Rights of Free Speech	Martin W. Aron	journal article	Discusses the federal sources of law that provide protection to whistleblowers in the workplace in New Jersey and New York. Until 1980, the law of...	April 1992
Case Note: Silencing the Noise of Democracy the Supreme Court Denies First Amendment Protection for Public Employees’ Job-Related Statements in Garcetti v. Ceballos	Shubha Harris	journal article	First, this note traces the evolution of public-employee free speech rights, including a discussion of the most salient cases preceding Garcetti.7 Second, it reviews the...	2007
Superimposing Title VII’s Adverse Action Requirement on First Amendment Retaliation Claims: A Chilling Prospect for Government Employee Speech	Rosalie Berger Levinson	journal article	This Article traces the development of Supreme Court doctrine regarding the question of when retaliatory action should be viewed as an infringement of the free...	2005
Providing Rights for Whistleblowers: Would an Anti-Discrimination Model be More Effective?	David Lewis	journal article	This article begins by outlining the key requirements for a disclosure of information to be protected under the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998. It goes...	September 2005
Whistleblowing and Free Speech: Garcetti’s Early Progeny and Shrinking Constitutional Rights of Public Employees	J. Michael McGuinness	journal article	The latest trends in public employment cases reveal a steadily shrinking base of available federal constitutional protection. Due process protections have been whittled away. Traditional...	April 2014
Public Employee Speech, Categorical Balancing and Section 1983: A Critique of Garcetti v. Ceballos	Sheldon Nahmod	journal article	I propose to discuss Garcetti’s First Amendment reasoning as well as the implications of the Section 1983 setting in which Garcetti and other public employee...	2008
MySpace or Yours: The Abridgement of the Blogosphere at the Hands of At-Will Employment	Bijal J. Patel	journal article	This Comment is organized in six parts. Part II begins with a description of the blogosphere, describes employers’ often fallacious concerns regarding blogging employees,...	2007
Coszalter v. City of Salem: Just Whistle While You Work - Expanding First Amendment Protection for the Whistleblowing Employee	David Uchida	journal article	This Comment first provides a factual background of Coszalter and the holding of the district court. Second, it summarizes the Ninth Circuit's decision. Third, this...	September 1, 2003
In Defense of Jeffrey Wigand: A First Amendment Challenge to the Enforcement of Employee Confidentiality Agreements Against Whistleblowers	Brian Stryker Weinstein	journal article	This article argues that a purely contractual approach is not adequate to address the enforceability of employee confidentiality agreements against whistleblowers. To the extent that...	1997
Lawyer Disclosure of Corporate Fraud: Establishing a Firm Foundation	Jennifer E. Duggan	journal article	Part II of this Article describes some of the most important private rights of action that have been used against accountants and lawyers, as well...	1997
The Legacy of “Deep Throat: The Disclosure Process of the Whistleblower Protection Act Amendments and the No FEAR Act of 2002	Sarah Wood Borak	journal article	Part I of this Comment provides an overview of the potential of whistleblowers to effect policy change by drawing upon the historic example of the...	2005
Toward More Ethical Government: An Inspector General for the White House	Kathleen Clark	journal article	The independent counsel mechanism celebrates its twentieth anniversary in 1998. 1Link to the text of the note In recent years, Attorneys General have requested the...	1998
Do We Have Enough Ethics in Government Yet?: An Answer from Fiducairy Theory	Kathleen Clark	journal article	This article demonstrates how employees’ widely recognized status as fiduciaries provides a substantive standard for evaluating whether particular government ethics restrictions are appropriate. As a...	N/A
Why the Haves Come Out Ahead: Speculations on the Limits of Legal Change	Marc Galanter	journal article	This essay attempts to discern some of the general features of a legal system like the American by drawing on (and rearranging) commonplaces and less...	1974
The Opacity of Transparency	Mark Fenster	journal article	ABSTRACT: The normative concept of transparency, along with the open government laws that purport to create a transparent public system of governance, promises the moon--a...	2006

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
A Better Statutory Approach to Whistle-Blowing	Terry Morehead Dworkin, Janet P. Near	journal article	Statutory approaches toward whistle-blowing currently appear to be based on the assumption that most observers of wrongdoing will report it unless deterred from doing so...	January 1997
Conflicts of Interest in Inspector General, Justice Department, and Special Prosecutor Investigations of Agency Heads	Dan W. Reicher	journal article	Part I of the note discusses the general concept of conflicts of interest as it relates to investigations of department and agency heads. Part II...	May 1983
Remedies for Employees Discharged for Reporting an Employer's Violation of Federal Law	R. Taylor Abbot Jr.	journal article	Under common law tradition, employers had the prerogative to discharge non-contract employees at will.' The employment at will rule provided that employers could freely discharge...	September 1, 1985
The Law of Employee Loyalty in the United States	Benjamin Aaron, Matthew Finkin	journal article	This Report follows the four-part division of the Symposium topic noted in the Introduction: (1) competition by the employee against the employer; (2) employee criticism...	1999
Wrongful Discharge of Independent Contractors: A Source-Derivative Approach to Deciding Who May Bring a Claim for Violation of Public Policy	Lisa J. Bernt	journal article	This Article proposes a source-derivative approach to these types of cases: When an independent contractor presses a claim for wrongful termination based on a public...	2000
Sanctioning Lawlessness: The Need to Apply Whistleblower and Wrongful Discharge Protections to Members of Limited Liability Companies	Stephanie Buck	journal article	In recent decades, courts have created public policy exceptions to the doctrine of employment-at-will, particularly to protect whistleblowers from retaliation for reporting misconduct of employers....	2007
Whistleblower: Corporate Anarchists or Heroes? Towards a Judicial Perspective	David Culp	journal article	This article explores the whistleblower's plight.' Inside the corporation, everyone, or almost everyone, hates them. They are reviled by corporate management and shunned by co-workers....	1995
Acknowledging Informal Power Dynamics in the Workplace: A Proposal for Further Development of the Vicarious Liability Doctrine in Hostile Environment Sexual Harassment Cases	Susan D. Carle	journal article	In this Article, I evaluate courts’ application of the U.S. Supreme Court’s affirmative defense doctrine in hostile environment sexual harassment cases. This doctrine provides that...	2006
Buying Silence	Terry Morehead Dworkin, Elletta Sangrey Callahan	journal article	Two conflicting trends have occurred during the last decade. In one, legislators and judges have expanded the protection against retaliation for whistleblowers as a way...	1998
Internal whistleblowing: Protecting the interests of the employee, the organization, and society	Terry Morehead Dworkin, Elletta Sangrey Callahan	journal article	From the perspective of the competing interests involved, this paper analyzes approaches taken toward internal whistleblowing by Congress, state legislatures, and the courts. The social-psychological...	June 1991
Wrongful Discharge Protections in an At-Will World	Cynthia L. Estlund	journal article	My objective here is to question the apparent consensus that existing wrongful discharge law has basically taken care of the most egregious and socially harmful...	June 1996
Working Group on Chapter 4 of the Proposed Restatement of Employment Law: The Tort of Wrongful Discipline in Violation of Public Policy	Joseph R. Grodin, Paul M. Secunda, Pauline Kim, Catherine Fisk, Roberto L. Corrada, Richard A. Bales	journal article	The purpose of this commentary on Chapter 4 of the Proposed ALI Restatement of Employment Law, concerning the tort of wrongful discipline in violation of...	2009
Whistleblowers and Job Security	David Lewis	journal article	There are numerous pieces of legislation which impose duties on employers and are designed to protect both employees and members of the public.’ In practice,...	1995
Blowing the Whistle on the Employment At-Will Doctrine	Vanessa F. Kuhlmann-Macro	journal article	This Note discusses the common law tort of retaliatory discharge for employees that blow the whistle on employers engaged in activity contrary to public interest....	1992
The Supreme Court's Anti-Retaliation Principle	Richard E. Moberly	journal article	In five cases issued during the last five years, the Supreme Court interpreted statutory anti-retaliation provisions broadly to protect employees who report illegal employer conduct....	2010
Protecting the Whistleblower from Retaliatory Discharge	Martin H. Malin	journal article	This Article argues that although the law should protect individual acts of whistleblowing once they have occurred, it should not affirmatively encourage whistleblowing. Part I...	1983
Unjust Discharges From Employment: A Necessary Change in the Law	Cornelius J. Peck	journal article	It is not the purpose of this article to restate, except in a limited way, the persuasive case already made by others against preservation of...	1979
Killing the Messenger: The Use of Nondisclosure Agreements to Silence Whistleblowers	Jodi L. Short	journal article	This Article argues that, with certain narrow exceptions, an employer should not be able to use a nondisclosure agreement to silence a whistleblower. This should...	1999
Second Generation Employment Discrimination: A Structural Approach	Susan Strum	journal article	The judiciary's traditional rule-based approach has been successful in reducing overt discrimination against women and people of color. It has been less effective in addressing...	2001
Professional Responsibility-The “Snitch Rule, DR 1-103(A), Meets the Employment-at-will Doctrine: Weider v. Skala	Jennifer Staley	journal article	Comments on the common law doctrine of employment-at-will. Focus on the Disciplinary Rule (DR) 1-103(A) of the Model Code of Professional Responsibility; Examination of the...	1994
Individual Protection Against Unjust Dismissal: Time for a Statute	Clyde W. Summers	journal article	The central thesis of this article is that the anachronistic lega rule that employees can be discharged for any reason or no reason should be...	April 1976
Playing Chicken: An Instant History of the Battle over Exceptions to Client Confidences	Michael Ariens	journal article	The purpose of this essay is to offer a pointillist history of this recent fight about when lawyers may or must disclose client confidences, and...	2009
Buying Witness Silence: Evidenc-Suppressing Settlements and Lawyers' Ethics	Jon Bauer	journal article	This Article traces the history of one such duty, the principle that lawyers must not ask nonclients to refrain from voluntarily disclosing relevant information to...	2008
Confidence, Public Interest and the Lawyer	Guy Dehn	journal article	This chapter addresses the specific issue of confidentiality. It also discusses the general legal position as to the interrelation between the competing public interests, and...	1996
Whistle Blowing v. Confidentiality: Can Circumstances Mandate Attorneys to Expose Their Clients	Valerie Breslin, Jeff Dooley	journal article	Confidentiality is a hallmark of the legal profession, a protection that facilitates the relationship between attorney and client. Dating back nearly a century, legal practitioners...	2002

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Government Lawyers and Confidentiality Norms	Kathleen Clark	journal article	Part I of this Article outlines the lawyer’s confidentiality obligation, which is both strict and broad. One of the exceptions to that obligation, however, is...	2007
The Dilemma of Corporate Counsel Faced with Client Misconduct: Disclosures of Client Confidences or Constructive Discharge	H. Lowell Brown	journal article	Part I of the article analyzes the basic framework of who is the client and what confidences are protected, in the context of the representation...	October 1, 1996
Paying the Price for Heightened Ethics Scrutiny: Legal Defense Funds and Other Ways The Government Officials Pay Their Lawyers	Kathleen Clark	journal article	This article takes a comprehensive look at a problem of growing significance for government officials: how to pay the legal fees they incur when they...	November 1997
Is Discipline Different? An Essay on Choice of Law and Lawyer Conduct	Kathleen Clark	journal article	This article examines the choice of law rule that the American Bar Association adopted for its Model Rules of Professional Conduct in 1993. It questions...	1995
In-House Counsel's Right to Sue for Retaliatory Discharge	Sara A. Corello	journal article	This Note argues that in-house attorneys should have the right to sue for retaliatory discharge when they are dismissed for refusing to violate their professional...	March 1992
Why Does Doing the Right Thing Have to be so Hard? A Law Firm Partner’s Difficult Decision on Whether to Report Suspected Misconduct	Michael A. Fisher	journal article	This Comment will argue that the court in Bohatch v. Butler & Binion, in allowing partnerships to expel partners in Bohatch's situation, failed to consider...	2004
Sustainable Professionalism	Trevor C.W. Farrow	journal article	This article challenges traditional visions of lawyering by building on current alternative narratives and articulating a new discourse of professionalism that is personally, politically, ethically,...	2008
Getting Honest About Client Perjury	Monroe H. Freedman	journal article	Part I of this article relates the beginning of the controversy over client perjury in 1966. The discussion sets out the trilemma created by three...	2008
Facing Justice: Ethical Choices in Representing Immigrant Clients	Lauren Gilbert	journal article	This Article explores the particular challenges encountered by an attorney when his client disclosed damaging information over the course of his representation in immigration court...	2007
The Revised Role of Lawyers After Saranes-Oxley	Cullen M. Godfery	journal article	TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION II. ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS AGAINST GENERAL COUNSEL III. STATE STANDARDS IV. SARBANES-OXLEY RULES V. “NOISY WITHDRAWAL VI. WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION VII. AN ATTORNEY’S DUTY TO WITHDRAW (Contents...	2005
Whither the Whistleblower: Organization Attorneys and Client Wrongdoing	Jeffrey V. Havercroft	journal article	This Article addresses the particular circumstance of the attorney who is made aware of some wrongful behavior on the part of his organizational client, whether...	1998
Toward a Revised 4.2 No-Contact Rule	Geoffrey C. Hazard Jr., Dana Remus Irwin	journal article	Our thesis is that as now written, Rule 4.2 is overbroad and ambiguous in important respects. There is a strong argument that the Rule should...	2009
In-House Counsel's Wrongful Discharge Action under the Public Policy Exception and Retaliatory Discharge Doctrine	Raymis H.C. Kim	journal article	Most courts hold that in-house counsel have no cause of action under public policy or retaliatory discharge exceptions to the at-will employment rule. This is...	October 1, 1992
The Banality of Fraud: Re-Situating the Inside Counsel as Gatekeeper	Sung Hui Kim	journal article	In my title, I suggest, like many others, 14 that fraud is banal, although I make no claims to quantify the extent of fraudulent conduct.15...	2005
Establishing Corporate Counsel's Right to Sue for Retaliatory Discharge	John Jacob Kobus Jr.	journal article	This Note argues that in-house attorneys should have the right to sue for retaliatory discharge and that a model statute should be developed to provide...	1995
Confessions of a Whistleblower: A Law Professor's Reflections on the Experience of Reporting a Colleague	Kimberly Kirkland	journal article	This Essay is presented in two parts. The first part is the story of my experience investigating and reporting the misconduct of one of my...	2007
Lawyering Loyalties: Speech Rights and Duties Withing Twenty-First-Century New Governance	Orly Lobel	journal article	...this essay studies competing notions of lawyer loyalty. It aims to illuminate a paradigm shift in the law’s conception of the attorney-client relationship, from one...	2009
Blowing the Whistle on Balla v. Gambro: The Emergence of an In-House Cause of Action in Tort for Retaliatory Discharge	Brett Lane	journal article	While Balla appeared to leave in-house counsel whistleblowers in a hopeless situation, several jurisdictions have recently witnessed corporate counsel successfully setting forth a cause of...	2004
Whistleblowing Attorneys and Ethical Infrastructures	Alex B. Long	journal article	The legal profession prides itself on the role it plays in the administration of justice and the fact that it is a self-governing profession. A...	2009
Retaliatory Discharge and the Ethical Rules Governing Attorneys	Alex B. Long	journal article	In Garcetti v. Ceballos, the Supreme Court held that a deputy district attorney who, as part of his job duties, raised concerns with his superiors...	2008
In Search of Clarity: When Should in-House Counsel Have the Right to Sue for Retaliatory Discharge	Brenda Marshall	journal article	This Note discusses the problems that have plagued courts on both sides of this issue, and tries to create a solution that balances the competing...	2001
The Catch-22 of Model Rule 8.3	Lindsay M. Oldham, Christine M. Whitledge	journal article	Part I of this Note will discuss the two theories under which associates have [*883] attempted to recover for dismissal for reporting misconduct,...	2002
Why Not Try the Carrot - A Modest Proposal to Grant Immunity to Lawyers Who Disclose Client Financial Misconduct	David McGowan	journal article	If the legal profession is serious about attorney disclosure of client financial misconduct, it must address the costs disclosure creates for lawyers who blow the...	December 2004
Foreword: Shades of Gray in the World of Legal Ethics	Lindsey Oswalt, Ben Morgan	journal article	In light of the largely negative publicity that the legal profession has received in recent years, the Mississippi College Law Review felt compelled to provide...	2009
Toward a Market for Lawyer Disclosure Services: In Search of Optimal Whistleblowing Rules	Richard W. Painter	journal article	In this Article, Professor Painter proposes a solution to the dispute over what should be the appropriate whistleblowing rules for lawyers in regulatory and transactional...	1994

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Invigorating the Role of the In-House Legal Advisor as Steward in Ethical Culture and Governance at Client-Business Organizations: From 21st Century Failures to True Calling	Ben G. Pender II	journal article	To reform business organizations beyond 21st Century moral failures, the role of the legal advisor within in-house legal representation must shift from the mere legal...	May 18, 2012
Unethical Obedience by Subordinate Attorneys: Lessons from Social Psychology	Andrew M. Perlman	journal article	This Article explores what lessons we can learn from social psychology regarding a lawyer's willingness to comply with authority figures, such as senior partners or...	2007
Client Misconduct in the 21st Century	Carl A. Pierce	journal article	This article represents a first step in a long term effort to rethink and possibly call for revision of the rules of professional conduct that...	2005
In-House Counsel as Whistleblower: a Rat Without a Remedy?	C. Evan Stewart	journal article	C. Evan Stewart, a partner at Zuckerman Spaeder and an adjunct professor at Fordham Law School and Brooklyn Law School, writes that not only have...	August 21, 2008
The Lawyer as Gatekeeper: Is There a Need for a Whistleblowing Securities Lawyer? Recent Developments in the US and Australia	Christoph Pippel	journal article	Reforms in Corporate Governance around the world have focussed primarily on the strengthening ofindependent directors, introduction of audit committees and reforms concerning the audit profession.However,...	2004
The 60 Minutes Controversy: What Lawyers Are Telling the News Media	Joseph A. Russomanno, Kyu Ho Youm	journal article	Presents information on the controversy of the television program `60 Minutes' surrounding the role of media lawyers. Impact of the controversy on American journalism; Information...	1996
Ratting	Paul R. Tremblay	journal article	This Article explores whether lawyers have permission, or ought to have permission, to arrange deliberately to learn about or to document client criminal activity so...	July 1993
Atorney Client Confidentiality in the Criminal Environmental Law Context: Blowing the Whistle on the Toxic Client	Nicholas Targ	journal article	Whether an attorney should blow the whistle on a client's violation of environmental law is a question that is likely to confront attorneys with increasing...	1996
The Public Interest Exception to the Employment-at-Will Doctrine: From Crime Victims to Whistleblowers, Will the Real Public Policy Please Stand Up?	Nora J. Pasman	journal article	This article will examine the scope of Michigan's public interest exception to the employment-at-will doctrine, with particular regard to whether an employee's refusal to discontinue...	1993
Making Context Count: Regulating Lawyers after Kaye, Scholer	David B. Wilkins	journal article	The argument proceeds in four parts. Part II argues that the traditional model of legal ethics suppresses context at the level of rules, by positing...	March 1993
You Can't Do That To Me, I'm A Whistleblower!	Billie Piner Garde	journal article	What follows is some practical advice with handling the litigation of whistleblower claims (From Source)	June 2006
Silencing the Whistleblower: The Gap Between Federal and State Retaliatory Discharge Laws	Trystan Phifer O'Leary	journal article	This Note discusses and criticizes the inattention and inadequate protection given to whistleblowers by federal and state statutes. The background of federal and state laws...	2000
Don't Raise That Hand: Why, under Georgia's Anti-Slapp Statute, Whistleblowers Should Find Protection from Reprisals for Reporting Employer Misconduct	Noah P. Peters	journal article	This Note argues that Georgia's anti-SLAPP statute is broad enough to bring within its ambit claims made against whistleblowers being sued by their employers for...	2004
Telling Tales And Saving Lives: Whistleblowing- The Role Of Prefessional Colleagues In Protecting Patients From Dangerous Doctors	Julia Burrows	journal article	In the aftermath of the cases of such disgraced doctors as Harold Shipman, Rodney Ledward and Richard Neale, this paper will consider how doctors whose...	June 1, 2001
Analyzing the Disruptive Physician: How State and Federal Courts Should Handle Whistleblower Cases Brought by Disruptive Physicians	Zachary L. Erwin	journal article	In an attempt to provide a more workable test for handling disruptive physician cases, the following comment will compare how federal and state courts have...	2006
Chapter 683: Extending Whistleblower Protections to Members of the Medical Staff of Health Facilities	Regina Cabral Jones	journal article	I.Introduction II.Legal Background A.Federal Law B.California Law III.Chapter 683 IV.Analysis of Chapter 683 A.Explicit Protection for Members of the Medical Staff of Health Facilities B.Application of Other Provisions of California Law C.Potential “Chilling...	January 1, 2008
Public Employment- Free Speech Jurisprudence: A New Constitutional Test for Disciplined Whistleblowers	Joseph O. Oluwole	journal article	The author proposes a constitutional framework based on the three-tier framework used in Equal Protection jurisprudence. To account for multiple categories of whistleblowing speech, the...	December 2008
Physician Employment Under Managed Care: Toward a Retaliatory Discharge Cause of Action for HMO-Affiliated Physicians	Peter B. Jurgeleit	journal article	Part I of this Note will demonstrate how, given the financial and political pressure to embrace managed care as a solution to skyrocketing health care...	1997
The False Claims Act And Managed Care: Blowing the Whistle on Underutilization	Mary DuBois Krohn	journal article	This Comment argues that the FCA, traditionally invoked to uncover and attack overutilization, presents the Government with a threatening and powerful tool to deter underutilization...	1997
Employers Beware: The Missouri Court of Appeals Takes a Bite out of the Employment At-Will Doctrine	Daniel P. O'Donnell Jr.	journal article	In Dunn v. Enterprise Rent-A-Car Co., the Court of Appeals for the Eastern District of Missouri held that Thomas P. Dunn had presented sufficient evidence...	2006
Federal Whistleblower Protection: A Means to Enforcing Maximum-hour Legislation for Medical Residents	Robert Neil Wilkey	journal article	This paper does not assess the various implications of such proposals for maximum-hour legislation of medical residents or examine the various costs and benefits of...	2003
Litigating Under the Florida Private Sector Whistle-Blower's Act: Plaintiff Protection and Good Faith	Kimberly A. McCoy	journal article	The State of Florida has long been known for its hard-line judicial stance on labor and employment issues. Currently, challenges to Florida's traditional at-will doctrine...	April 1, 1998
Whistleblowing in the nhs	Jean V. McHale	journal article	Is a health-care professional ever justified in “blowing the whistle and making a public statement about what he or she regards as an inadequate provision...	February 1, 2008
Modern Media's Environmental Coverage: What We Don't Know Can Hurt Us	Jane Akre, Steve Wilson	journal article	Abstract: Jane Akre and Steve Wilson had more than ªfty years experience as broadcast journalists before becoming Whistleblowers against Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation, Fox. Steve...	January 1, 2006
When Doing the Right Thing Means Losing Your Job: Reforming the New York Whistleblower Statute	Silvia X. Liu	journal article	Part I of this article revisits the New York courts’ treatment of whistleblowers prior to the enactment of the New York Whistleblower Statute, and discusses...	2004

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Tags	Publication Date
The Role of Financial Journalists in Corporate Governance	Michael J. Borden	journal article	This Article pursues the important theme of disclosure, but focuses on a feature that has remained almost entirely overlooked by corporate and securities law scholars:...		2007
Plugging Leaks: The Necessity of Distinguishing Whistleblowers and Wrongdoers in the Free Flow of Information Act	Michelle C. Gabriel	journal article	This Article will explore the concerns about an absolute privilege in cases where an anonymous source leaks private information with garden-variety malicious intent.26 This Article...		2009
Blowing the Whistle Falls on Deaf Ears: Revamping Texas's Whistleblower Jurisprudence by Applying the Lessons of Garcetti and Sarbanes-Oxley	Katie Maxwell	journal article	Part I introduces the concept of whistleblower law and highlights the scope of the issue in Texas. Part II examines the federal stance on public...	Sarbanes Oxley	2011
Who Blows the Whistle to the Media, and Why: Organizational Characteristics of Media Whistleblowers	Elletta Sangrey Callahan, Terry Morehead Dworkin	journal article	The following section of this paper contains a brief examination of the approaches of Congress, state legislatures, the courts, and arbitrators toward media whistleblowers. The...		September 1994
Panel: Secrecy and Barriers to Open Government	Glenn M. Sulmasy, Erwin Chermerinsky, David M. Hardy	journal article	Therefore, I would suggest that the need for governmental secrecy in the War on al Qaeda is, by its very nature, greater than before, since...		December 2008
Panel: The Role of Whistleblowers to Facilitate Government Accountability	Valerie Caproni	journal article	Good morning, everyone. As a current FBI employee, I will talk about whistleblowing from the agency’s perspective. Panels like this are best when there is...		December 2008
The Adequacy of Whistleblower Protection: Is the Cost to the Individual Whistleblower Too High?	Rachel Goodson	journal article	Section II of this article will examine the history of the employment-at-will doctrine in the United States and the emergence of legal protection for whistleblowers....		2012
The Espionage Act and National Security Whistleblowing After Garcetti	Stephen I. Vladeck	journal article	Should government employees ever have a right to disseminate classified national security information to the public? As a general matter, of course, the answer is...		2008
Whistleblower Protection for Military Members	Major William E. Brown	journal article	This article provides an analysis of the MWPA to serve as the basic framework for JAs who are analyzing questions involving the statute. First, it...		December 2008
The Military Whistleblower Protection Act and The Military Mental Health Evaluation Protection Act	Major Daniel A. Lauretano	journal article	This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the MWPA and the MMHEPA to aid judge advocates in meeting their DOD training requirements. First, it examines...		1998
Have Your Cake and Eat it Too: A Proposal for a Layered Appraoch to Regulating Private Military Companies	Steven R. Desai	journal article	Private Military Companies (PMCs) can be useful and arguably provide excellent service while offering swift and needed aid to embattled regions. In addition, they appear...		2005
Silenced Citizens: The Post-Garcetti Landscape for Public Sector Employees Working in National Security	Jamie Sasser	journal article	Part II.A of this paper briefly outlines the Pickering balancing test, with the Connick modifications, and Part II.B describes how the Garcetti decision substantially changed...		March 1, 2007
Military Lawyering at the Edge of the Rule of Law at Guantanamo: Should Lawyers be Permitted to Violate the Law?	Ellen Yaroshefsky	journal article	“Where were the lawyers? is the familiar refrain in the legal profession’s reflection on various corporate scandals. What is the legal and moral obligation of...		2007
The Government Attorney-Whistleblower and the Rule of Confidentiality: Compatible at Last	Jesselyn Radack	journal article	This Article submits that the ABA's new Ethics 2000 version of Model Rule 1.6, which broadens the exceptions to confidentiality, is a giant step towards...		2003
Give a Little Whistle: The Need for a More Broad Interpretation of the Whistleblower Exception to the Employment-At-Will Doctrine	Julie Jones	journal article	I. Introduction II. Beginnings of Whistleblower Protection III. Employment At-Will Doctrine IV. The Whistleblower Exception to Employment At-Will V. Effectiveness of the Whistleblower Exception to...		2003
Government Lawyers and Confidentiality Norms	Kathleen Clark	journal article	Part I of this Article outlines the lawyer’s confidentiality obligation, which is both strict and broad. One of the exceptions to that obligation, however, is...		2007
The Scope of Whistleblower Protection in the State of Maryland: A Comprehensive Statute is Needed	John A. Gray	journal article	This article first examines whistle blower protection available under Maryland statutory law and then the recently explained common law protection established in the Wholey decision....		2004
Whistleblowing and the Public Director: Countering Corporate Inner Circles	James A. Fanto	journal article	I argue that, in the corporate scandals, the contrast between the behavior of many executives, board members and corporate advisors who were reluctant to challenge...		November 21, 2003
Piercing the Corporate Veil in an Era of Globalisation and International Terrorism and the Emergence of the Lawyer as Gatekeeper and Whistleblower	John H. Darrar	journal article	Concern about the abuse of the corporate form has led to some useful European research, and the topic has recieved attention from the OECD. Since...		2004
California Antitrust: Standing Room for the Wrongfully Discharged Employee?	Sean P. Gates	journal article	Part I gives a brief history of wrongfully discharged employee actions under the Cartwright Act. Because California courts rely heavily on the interpretation of analogous...		January 1996
Whistleblowing in the Financial Services Sector	Paul Latimer	journal article	Whistleblowing in the United States is an accepted part of the cultural landscape and it looks like it's coming this way. In Australia whistleblowing has...		2004
Limiting the Protection for Employees from Compelled Noncompete Agreements Under State Whistleblower Laws: A Critical Analysis of Maw v. Advanced Clinical Communications	Michael J. Garrison	journal article	This article critically analyzes both the majority and dissenting opinions in the Maw case and discusses the policy and business implications of the decision. The...		2005
Sandy Mavrommati, The Dynamics of Gatekeepers, Corporate Culture and Whistle Blowers	Sandy Mavrommati	journal article	The article is inspired by the recent corporate meltdowns in the US and Europe- Enron, WorldCom and Parmalat- which increased dramatically the already heated debate...		2005
Toward A Model Whistleblowing Law	John D. Feerick	journal article	This essay examines the state of the current New York whistleblowing laws and their shortcomings, and offers a number of proposals intended to allow whistleblowing...		1992
Wrongful Discharge and Federal Preemption: Nuclear Whistleblower Protection Under State Law and Section 210 of the Energy Reorganization Act	Thomas E. Egan	journal article	This Comment examines the remedies available to nuclear whistleblowers whose employers discriminate against them in retaliation for their whistleblowing. Section III analyzes nuclear whistle blower...		1990

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Tags	Publication Date
VFATA: Virginia’s False Claims Act	Michael J. Davidson	journal article	This article will discuss the general development of federal and state false claims acts, the VFATA in particular, and compare the VFATA to its federal...		2009
Whistling in the Dark: Does the Commonwealth Court Have Original Jurisdiction Over Claims Under the Whistleblower Law?	Raymond W. Dorian	journal article	This article explores whether or not the Commonwealth Court is a court of competent jurisdiction for purposes of initiating a Whistleblower action. In other words,...		2002
Kraus v. New Rochelle Hosp. Medical Ctr.: Are Whistleblowers Finally Getting the Protection They Need	Joan Corbo	journal article	Part I of this note focuses on the history and intent of New York's whistleblower statute. Part II dissects New York's statutory whistleblower protection and...		1994
Stitching Together the Patchwork: Burlington Northern’s Lessons for State Whistleblower Law	Courtney J. Anderson DaCosta	journal article	Part I surveys current federal and state whistleblower law and identifies gaps in this legal framework that leave whistleblowers inadequately and disparately protected. Part II...		2008
The State of State Whistleblower Protection	Elletta S. Callahan, Terry M. Dworkin	journal article	The first section of this article offers a brief overview of existing legislative and judicial protection for whistleblowers. There follows a categorization of state whistleblower...		June 28, 2008
New Hampshire Whistleblowers' Protection Act - So Much To Do, So Little Protection	Ellen M. Burger, Jennifer A. Eber	journal article	A review of the New Hampshire Whistleblowers' Protection Act's provisions and limitations, including a discussion of the Act's procedural requirements and uncertainties. This discussion is...		June 1996
The Legality of Dischargin Employees for Insubordination	George E. Stevens	journal article	One of the oldest recognized duties in the employment relationship is the employee's obligation to render obedient, respectful service to his employer. Implied in a...		1980
America’s First Comprehensive Statute Protecting Corporate Whistleblowers	Robert G. Vaughn	journal article	Introduction I. Scope of the Whistleblower Provision a.Persons Covered b. Reasonable Belief c. Protected Conduct i. Protected Disclosures and Assistance 1.Designated Sections of the Federal Criminal Code a.Sections 1341 and 1343 b. Section...		2005
Privatizing Regulation: Whistleblowing and Bounty Hunting in the Financial Services Industries	James Fisher, Ellen Harshman, William Gillespie, Henry Ordower	journal article	In late 1999, Congress enacted financial modernization legislation that dramatically deregulated the financial services industry and expanded the powers of financial institutions in the United...		September 1, 2000
Everybody Likes A Tattletale?: The Minnesota Supreme Court’s Elimination of the “Public Policy OSC Requirement For Whistleblower Protection in Anderson-Johanningmeier	Neal T. Buethe	journal article	This article examines the Anderson-Johanningmeier decision in light of the history of the public policy requirement in Minnesota and its previous effect on whistleblower litigation....		2002
Getting the Word Out about Fraud: A Theoretical Analysis of Whistleblowing and Insider Trading	Jonathan Macey	journal article	The purpose of this Article is to show that corporate whistleblowing is not analytically or functionally distinguishable from insider trading when such trading is based...		2007
The Illusions and Realities of Jurors' Treatment of Corporate Defendants	Valerie P. Hans	journal article	This Article contrasts the illusions and realities of jurors' treatment of corporate defendants in civil litigation. Business leaders have voiced the opinion that they are...		1998
Integrating Trends in Whistle Blowing and Corporate Governance: Promoting Organizational Effectiveness, Societal Responsiblity, and Employee Empowerment	Elletta Sangrey Callahan, Terry Morehead Dworkin, Timothy L. Cindy A. Fort	journal article	This article discusses contractarianism and communitarianism as models of corporate governance and advocates corporate adoption of BMI as a model offering the most beneficial characteristics...		September 2002
Panel Effects, Whistleblowing Theory, and the Role of Legal Doctrine	Derek J. Linkous, Emerson H. Tiller	journal article	In Panel Effects, Whistleblowing Theory, and the Role of Legal Doctrine, Derek Linkous and Professor Emerson Tiller argue that Kim erroneously rejects the Whistleblowing Theory...		November 2, 2009
Sarbanes-Oxley: A New Whistle Stop for Whistleblowers	Connie N. Bertram, Lesley A. Pate	journal article	1.Filing a Whistleblower Complain Under Sox 2. Retroactive Application of SOX 3. Covered Employees 4. Elements of a Section 806 Claim 5. Remedies for Violations of the Whistleblower Provisions...	Sarbanes Oxley	2005
A Review of Whistle Blower Protections and Suggestions for Change	Robert D. Boyle	journal article	The article reveals that the current state of whistle blower protection in the United States lacks uniformity and leaves the private sector employee exposed. It...		December 1990
Who Blows the Whistle and Why?	Marcia P. Miceli, Janet P. Near, Charles R. Schwenk	journal article	This study examines the effects of a number of perceptual variables on internal auditors' reporting of wrongdoing by employees and managers in their organizations. Survey...		1991
Employers Scoring in Whistleblower Actions	Teresa Baldas	journal article	A law that was designed to protect whistleblowers who reveal corporate fraud has produced robust victories for employers, which have plaintiffs' lawyers and employee-rights advocates...		October 2007
Administrative Law: Blowing the Whistle	John Goldring	journal article	He evaluates the 1992 Australian Whistleblowers' Protection Bill and talks about reactions to it by experts.		December 1992
Callahan v. Edgewater Care & Rehabilitation Center: The Illinois Whistleblower Act Does Not Preempt the Common Law Tort of Retaliatory Discharge	Sarah M. Baum	journal article	In Callahan v. Edgewater Care & Rehabilitation Center, the First District held that the Whistleblower Act did not repeal the common law cause of action...		2007
At What Price Silence: Are Confidentiality Agreements Enforceable?	Carol M. Bast	journal article	I. INTRODUCTION ....... II. CONFIDENTIALITY .......... A. Confidential Information B. Limitations on Enforcement of Confidentiality Agreements C. Analogous State Cases D. Federal Cases III. WHISTLEBLOWING...		1999
Distinguishing Chicken Little from Bona Fide Whistleblowers	Nathan A. Adams IV	journal article	The purpose of this article is to explore those rules most likely to distinguish bona fide whistleblowers meriting protection from frivolous ones. The primary general...		June 2009
Welcome Disclosure: The decline of whistleblowing as an ethical act.	Mark Vincent	journal article	I describe and analyse what I believe to be a developing form in the circumstances within which whistleblowing occurs, discuss what these developments seem to...		1995
Whistleblower Protection: Should Legislatures and the Courts Provide a Shelter to Public and Private Sector Employees Who Disclose the Wrongdoing of Employers?	Lois A. Lofgren	journal article	In the field of employment law, whistleblowing is getting louder. Employees who blow the whistle have gained a significant measure of legislative and judicial protection...		1993
Protecting Whistleblowers by Contract	Richard E. Moberly	journal article	Numerous statutes and the tort of wrongful discharge purport to prohibit companies from retaliating against employee whistleblowers. However, whistleblowers often lose retaliation lawsuits because these...		2008

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Tags	Publication Date
Private Justice	Pamela H. Bucy	journal article	New crimes require new thinking about regulation. Because of computerization and globalization, today’s world faces new crimes and new ways of committing old crimes. Because...		November 2002
Employee Disclosures to the Media: When is a “Source a “Sourcerer?	Terry M. Dworkin, Elletta S. Callahan	journal article	Whistleblowing as a form of organizational control is being fostered by the judiciary and legislators. Yet these decisionmakers generally do not view the media as...		1993
Corporate Responsibility and the Employee’s Duty of Loyalty and Obedience: a Preliminary Inquiry	Phillip I. Blumberg	journal article	The nature of the American corporate world is changing, reflecting changing concepts of the objectives, role and responsibilities of business. The public corporation as a...		August 1971
Employment at Will vs. Individual Freedom: On Limiting the Abusive Exercise of Employer Power	Lawrence E. Blades	journal article	1.The Absolute Right of Discharge – The Prime Source of the Employer’s Power Over is Employee 2.Defining the Scope of the Employer’s Appropriate Control 3.Inadequcy of...		December 1967
Whistleblowing and the Intentional Distortion of News	Jessica Bisignano	journal article	Akre and Wilson were an award-winning investigative team hired by Fox News for a new news program. Having been hired to expose crime, corruption, and...		2009
The Ethics of Government Whistleblowing	Candice Delmas	journal article	What is wrong with government whistleblowing and when can it be justified? In my view, government whistleblowing, that is, the unauthorized acquisition and disclosure of...		January 2015
Managing the Whistleblowing Employee	James N. Adler, Mark Daniels	journal article	This article outlines and assesses the options an employer should consider in dealing with whistleblowing employees. In considering these options, the employer should be sensitive...		1992
Ethics And Compliance Whistleblowing Systems In Hungarian Large Companies	Krisztina Szegedi, Roland Szilagyi	journal article	In this research we were looking for the answer to the question whether ethics and compliance whistleblowing systems operating in developed countries can also work...		2016
Rationality and Relationality in the Process of Whistleblowing: Recasting Whistleblowing Through Readings of Antigone	Alessia Contu	journal article	Reporting wrongdoing is seen as desirable to fight illegal practices, but whistleblowers often suffer retaliations and are in need of protection. Overall, whistleblowers engender strong...		March 2, 2014
Ethics as Critical Practice: The “Pentagon Papers, Deciding Responsibly, Truth-telling, and the Unsettling of Organizational Morality	Richard Weiskopf, Hugh Willmott	journal article	This paper contributes to the development of a practice-based understanding of ethics. Ethics is here conceived as a critical practice of questioning and problematizing moral...		2013
Whistleblowing, Parrhesia and the Contestation of Truth in the Workplace	Richard Weiskopf, Yvonne Tobias-Miersch	journal article	In this paper, we develop an approach to the study of whistleblowing as a critical practice that is involved in the contestation of truth and...		July 12, 2016
Reconceptualising Whistleblowing in a Complex World	Julio Andrade	journal article	This paper explores the ethical dilemma of conflicting loyalties found in whistleblowing. Central to this dilemma is the internal/external disclosure dichotomy; disclosure of organisational wrongdoing...		May 2015
An interview with Chelsea Manning’s lawyer: Nancy Hollander on human rights and the protection of whistleblowers	Iain Munro	journal article	This article presents an edited interview with Nancy Hollander, a prominent human rights activist and criminal defense lawyer. The primary focus of the interview is...		June 13, 2018
When private internal investigators turn against the whistleblower: The case of Norwegian police	Petter Gottschalk	journal article	The work of fraud examiners in private internal investigations is important to many auditing and law firms. They are hired by public and private organizations...		September 18, 2017
Mental Health Problems Among Whistleblowers: A Comparative Study	Peter G. van der Velden, Mauro Pecoraro, Mijke Houwerzijl, Erik van der Meulen	journal article	Whistleblowers play a very important and indispensable role in society and health care sector, but their act may elicit retaliation and other negative effects, which...		February 16, 2018
Deception Declassifed: The Social Organisation of Cover Storying in a Secrety Intelligence Operation	Alex Luscombe	journal article	This article asks why and how governments keep secrets from publics, journalists and politicians using the strategy of ‘cover storying’. To develop a theory of...		August 1, 2016
An Interview with Snowden's Lawyer: Robert Tibbo on Whistleblowing, Mass Surveillance and Human Rights Activism	Iain Munro	journal article	Robert Tibbo is a prominent human rights lawyer and activist and is the defence lawyer of the National Security Agency whistleblower Edward Snowden. This interview...		December 15, 2017
Whistleblowers and Organizational Protesters: Crossing Imaginary Borders	William De Maria	journal article	The article contemplates a new alliance between whistleblowing and protesting. This is done in the context of seeking more powerful interventions in the fight against...		November 1, 2008
Ethics in the Federal Service: A Post-Watergate View	James S. Bowman	journal article	It is well-known that public confidence in governmental institutions has been severely shaken as a result of the traumatic events in American life during the...		March 1, 1977
Introduction: Speaking Up for Justice, Suffering Injustice: Whistleblower Protection and the Need for Reform	Dana L. Gold	journal article	This paper gives a background on whistleblowing, explains some of the issues with current whistleblower protection laws in the U.S., talks about and analyzes several...		December 2013
Whistleblowers — heroes or traitors?: Individual and collective responsibility for ethical behaviour	M.A. Hersh	journal article	This paper reviews the literature on whistleblowing in the context of the ethical issues and conflicts of loyalties it raises. Factors which effect the likelihood...		2002
Unfulfilled Expectations: An Empirical Analysis of Why Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblowers Rarely Win	Richard Moberly	journal article	Scholars praise the whistleblower protections of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 as one of the most protective anti-retaliation provisions in the world. Yet, during its...	Sarbanes Oxley	2007
Sarbanes-Oxley's Structural Model to Encourage Corporate Whistleblowers	Richard Moberly	journal article	Recent corporate scandals demonstrate that rank-and-file employees often remain silent in the face of significant fraud. This silence is unfortunate because corporate employees have inside...	Sarbanes Oxley	2006
Safe Reporting Channels in Humanitarian Space and UN Peacekeeping - A Core Protection Challenge	Caroline Hunt-Matthes	journal article	In 1999 the UN Security Council established a peacekeeping force to deploy to Sierra Leone which had, for the first time in the organization’s history,...		November 22, 2018
Censored: Whistleblowers and Impossible Speech	Kate Kenny	journal article	What happens to a person who speaks out about corruption in their organization, and finds themselves excluded from their profession? In this article, I argue...		November 10, 2017

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Providing Rights for Whistleblowers: Would an Anti-Discrimination Model be More Effective?	David Lewis	journal article	This article begins by outlining the key requirements for a disclosure of information to be protected under the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998. It goes...	September 2005
Valuing Truth and Transparency: Organisational Moral Development and Patient Safety	Stella Christiana Stevens, Kimberley Norris	journal article	Institutional culture barriers to staff reporting safety concerns are strong. Method: A qualitative analysis of people who went outside their organisations to effect change was...	2009
Whistleblower Laws: International Best Practice	Paul Stephen Latimer, Alexander Jonathan Brown	journal article	Many countries are enacting laws for protection of whistle blowers. This article provides an analysis of this legislation, and identifies several emerging issues for consideration....	2008
Whistle blowing in disaster prevention and rehabilitation	F. Uys	journal article	Disasters worldwide are becoming ever-increasing problems with cost implications for individuals, institutions and governments. Timely and accurate information in the mitigation phase of disaster management...	2006
In Whose Interest?: The Need for Consistency in to Whom, and about Whom, Australian Public Interest Whistleblowers Can Make Protected Disclosures	Paul Stephen Latimer, Alexander Jonathan Brown	journal article	Since the 1990s Australia's nine jurisdictions have passed (or, in the case of the Northern Territory, proposed to pass) public sector whistleblower legislation. The legislation,...	2007
Creating an effective whistleblowing environment	Jason MacGregor, Michael Robinson, Martin Stuebs	journal article	The article discusses how to create an effective whistleblowing program, as U.S. public companies are required to have under the 2010 Dodd-Frank financial regulatory-reform law....	2014
Mundane whistleblowing: Social drama in assessment talk	Michael Tholander	journal article	Based on recordings of naturalistic interaction, this study explores how a case of mundane whistleblowing unfolds in real time. In the analyzed recordings, a teacher...	2011
Blowing the Whistle to the Union: How Successful is it?	Wim Vandekerckhove, Cathy James	journal article	This paper analyses data from the Public Concern at Work advice line in the UK, to find out to what extent trade unions are recipients...	2013
The Criminalization of Whistleblowing	Jesselyn Radack, Kathleen McClellan	journal article	The year 2009 began a disturbing new trend: the criminalization of whistleblowing. The Obama administration has pursued a quiet but relentless campaign against the news...	2011
Whistleblowing in French Corporations: Anatomy of a National Taboo	Gregory Katz, Marc Lenglet	journal article	Denunciations, disclosures and reporting: why do whistleblowing procedures create an ethical dilemma in French corporations? Since July 2006, the requirement that foreign multinationals listed on...	2010
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Intensi Auditor Untuk Melakukan Tindakan Whistleblowing (Studi Empiris pada Kantor Akuntan Publik di Semarang)	Destriana Kurnia Kreshastuti	journal article	This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of factors that affect auditor to make whistleblowing intention. This study refers to Curtis and Taylor (2010) by...	2014
Don't shoot the messenger: the problem of whistleblowing in general practice.	Steve Cox, John Holden	journal article	We agree that there are unique problems for GPs in whistleblowing.1 However, over 5 years we found whistleblowing on 43 occasions …	2013
Examining the Dynamics of Whistleblowing: A Causal Approach	Shivaji Banerjee, Shaunak Roy	journal article	IntroductionWhistleblowing is essentially the offspring of unethical initiatives, internal or external to an organization. Today, we speak of providing necessary safeguards for whistleblowers, so that...	2014
Whistleblowers: heroes or villains?	John Tingle	journal article	John Tingle discusses a recent report by the House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts on whistleblowing and reflects on the forthcoming Francis Independent Review...	2014
Bounties for Bad Behavior: Rewarding Culpable Whistleblowers under the Dodd-Frank Act and Internal Revenue Code	Jennifer M. Pacella	journal article	In 2012, Bradley Birkenfeld received a $104 million reward or “bounty” from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) for blowing the whistle on his employer, UBS,...	2014
Relating teachers' whistleblowing tendency and personal features: Machiavellianism, religiosity, and utilitarianism	Asiye Toker Gökçe	journal article	This study examines relationships between religiosity and value orientation of teachers, and preference for whistleblowing modes. Three hypotheses were developed, and tested related to the...	2015
Public sector whistleblowers are treated “shockingly,” MPs find	Clare Dyer	journal article	Whistleblowers in public services, including the NHS, have been subjected to “shocking” treatment, and government departments have failed to protect them from being victimised, an...	2014
The Response to Whistleblowing by Regulators: a practical perspective	Ashley Savage, Ashley Savage, Richard Hyde, Richard Hyde	journal article	The Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 provides protection for whistleblowers; it does not place statutory obligations on regulators to act in response to whistleblowing concerns....	2015
Developments in Whistleblowing	Alexandra Webster	journal article	Corporate wrongdoing continues to occupy a prominent place in business headlines, and with it the issue of how to manage whistleblowing. Every corporate scandal, from...	2015
Whistleblowing in the Police Service: developments and challenges	Ashley Christian Savage	journal article	This article addresses the significance of recent attempts to enhance protections available to police whistleblowers. It considers the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 and its...	2016
Cultures of fear: Perspectives on whistleblowing	Huda Alnaqi, Bryan McIntosh, Abi Lancaster	journal article	Whistleblowing is in part defined by the protection that it offers and does not offer to those who speak. Why some organisations find it almost...	2017
Detection of white-collar corruption in public procurement in Norway: the role of whistleblowers	Petter Gottschalk, Christy Smith	journal article	There is a low risk of detection for white-collar criminals in most nations. White-collar criminals in public procurement corruption are probably no exception. Public procurement...	2016
PENGARUH KOMITMEN PROFESIONAL DAN PERTIMBANGAN ETIS TERHADAP INTENSI MELAKUKAN WHISTLEBLOWING: LOCUS OF CONTROL SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI	Chintya Joneta, Rita Anugerah, Susilatri	journal article	This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the effect of profesional commitment and ethical judgement on the whistleblowing intention. This study also submits the...	2016
PROFESIONALISME, KOMITMEN ORGANISASI, INTENSITAS MORAL DAN TINDAKAN AKUNTAN MELAKUKAN WHISTLEBLOWING	Luh Putu Setiawati, Maria M. Ratna Sari	journal article	Cheating on the leading companies happened lately. Whistleblowing deemed necessary to minimize fraud within the company. Factors of the actions of accountants to do whistleblowing...	2016
Pengaruh Sikap dan Persepsi Kontrol Perilaku Terhadap Niat Whistleblowing Internal-Eksternal dengan Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi	Ilham Maulana Saud	journal article	This study aims to examine the influence of attitude and perceived behavior control empirically toward the whistleblowing intention of the internal-external with the perceived organizational...	2016

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Whistleblowing propensity in power distance societies	Albert Puni, Alex Anlesinya	journal article	This study aims to examine the link between power distance culture and whistleblowing intention or propensity in the African context.,The study achieves its aim by...	2017
The relationship between organizational commitment and whistleblowing tendency: An empirical research	Nusret Çiftçi, Aykut Bedük	journal article	The ethical position of organizations is of great importance to both organizations and society in general considering people spend their considerable lifespan in organizations. It...	2017
The whistleblower as the personification of a moral and managerial paradox	Patrice Cailleba, Sandra Charreire Petit	journal article	The purpose of this essay is to identify those paradoxes personified by the whistleblower. An analysis of the recent evolution of the French and international...	2018
Protecting Whistleblowing (and Not Just Whistleblowers)	Evan J. Ballan	journal article	IntroductionWhen the government contracts with private parties, the specter of fraud always looms. The massive amounts of money at stake in government contracts, combined with...	2017
Secrecy, transparency and government whistleblowing:	William H. Harwood	journal article	In the first part of the 21st century, the complicated relationship between transparency and security reached a boiling point with revelations of extra-judicial CIA activities,...	2017
Whistleblowing as a new regulatory instrument in global governance: the case of tax evasion	Tony Porter, Karsten Ronit	journal article	AbstractThe cross-border impacts of whistleblowing recently have become far more visible and consequential, as evident with the ‘Paradise’ and ‘Panama Papers’ leaks, which exposed tax...	2018
To Blow or Not to Blow the Whistle: The Role of Rationalization in the Perceived Seriousness of Threats and Wrongdoing	Hengky Latan, Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour, Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour	journal article	Whistleblowers who need to decide whether or not they should report wrongdoing usually experience several anxieties and pressures before making a final decision. As whistleblowers...	2019
A Radical Reframing of Civil Disobedience: “Illegal” Migration and Whistleblowing	Natasha Basu, Bernardo Caycedo	journal article	According to a widely accepted understanding of civil disobedience, it is enacted only by citizens and only in order to address an unjust law or...	2018
Whistleblowing in Kuwait and UK against corruption and misconduct	Faisal Al-Haidar	journal article	This paper aims to explore the nature and the scope of whistleblowing in Kuwait and in the UK. Whistleblowing is when a person, usually an...	2018
Promoting Ethics and Integrity in Sport: the Romanian Experience in Whistleblowing	Vasilica Grigore, Monica Stanescu, Marius Stoicescu	journal article	The issue of ethics and integrity in sport is a particularly recent one, as a result of the growing number of approaches from the perspective...	2018
Ethical climate as a moderator between organizational trust and whistle-blowing among nurses and secretaries.	Seda Aydan, Sidika Kaya	journal article	Objectives To reveal the effect of perception of ethical climate by nurses and secretaries and their level of organizational trust on their whistleblowing intention. Methods...	2018
Whistleblowing in Indian higher education sector: a qualitative study	Narendra Singh Chaudhary, Shivinder Phoolka, Ruby Sengar, Smriti Pande	journal article	The study is aimed to develop a better understanding of how teachers in higher education perceive whistleblowing and identify various factors acting as motivators and...	2019
Reformed National Security Internal Whistleblowing Systems and External Whistleblowing as Countervailing Ethics Methods	Richard P. Nielsen	journal article	This article (a) reviews parts of the general literature on internal and external whistleblowing, (b) reviews parts of the national security whistleblowing literature and context,...	2020
Labour market enforcement in the 21st century: should whistleblowers have a greater role?	David B. Lewis	journal article	Labour market enforcement can be achieved through a variety of mechanisms. On the basis that inspectorates in the UK have been under‐resourced historically and that...	2019
Whistleblowers: promises of protection are repeatedly broken, meeting hears	Clare Dyer	journal article	There has never been a more dangerous time for frontline NHS staff to consider speaking up in defence of patients, a consultant surgeon who lost...	2019
The social psychology of whistleblowing: an integrated model	Farid Anvari, Michael Wenzel, Lydia Woodyatt, S. Alexander Haslam	journal article	Whistleblowing is the disclosure of ingroup wrongdoing to an external agency and can have important functions for the regulation of moral and legal conduct. Organizational...	2019
Combating corruption in Nigeria: the emergence of whistleblowing policy	Hossein Gholami, Habeeb Abdulrauf Salihu	journal article	This paper aims to appraise the roles of whistleblowing policy as a tool for combating corruption in Nigeria. Methodologically, it examines how the policy could...	2019
China’s energy whistleblowing and energy supervision policy: An evolutionary game perspective	Yunpeng Yang, Yunpeng Yang, Weixin Yang, Hongmin Chen, Yin Li	journal article	Abstract In order to study the energy supervision system of China, whistleblowers have been innovatively introduced into the game in this paper, and a tripartite...	2020
Whistleblowing determinants and the effectiveness of reporting channels in the international sports sector.	Pim Verschuuren	journal article	Abstract International sports institutions have started to set up internal reporting mechanisms to allow actors in the sports sector to provide information on ethical wrongdoings...	2020
Whistleblowing Policies in American States: A Nationwide Analysis:	Jonathan P. West, James S. Bowman	journal article	American states have statutes with whistleblowing protection provisions for employees. These laws may focus on the duty to divulge misconduct, procedures for reporting disclosures, and...	2020
Organizational protection for whistleblowers: a cross-national study	Rashmi Chordiya, Meghna Sabharwal, Jeannine E. Relly, Evan M. Berman	journal article	Whistleblowing is recognized as an effective means to mitigate organizational corruption. However, there is little empirical research that broadens our understanding of organizational strategies th...	2020
THE DETERMINANT OF WHISTLEBLOWING INTENSION OF VILLAGE OFFICIALAS A PREVENTION OF FRAUD IN THE DISTRICT OF WONOSARI	Nur Lazimatul Hilma Sholehah, Parmin Ishak	journal article	This research aims to: (1) determine how much the effect of the ethical climate has on whistleblowing intentions; (2) find out how much the effect...	2020
Doctors say they were bullied by managers trying to identify whistleblower	Clare Dyer	journal article	A hospital trust fingerprinted staff and asked for samples of their handwriting after the family of a woman who died following surgery received an anonymous...	2020
A Dialectic Analysis of the Whistleblowing Phenomenon	Andrea Bather, Martin Kelly	journal article	Although whistleblowers are often portrayed as courageous individuals deserving of respect, the act of whistleblowing can be viewed as a disloyal act which may bring...	2006
Whistleblowing: role of organizational culture in prevention and management.	Vicki D Lachman	journal article	An ethical culture is necessary to prevent and manage whistleblowing. Whistleblowing is often the result of an organizational culture that lacks the accountability for its...	2008

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Tags	Publication Date
To Be or Not to Be A Snitch or a Whistle-Blower: Years of Silence at Penn State	Alberto “Beto” Gutierrez, Peter McLaren	journal article	This article is a critical response to the Penn State sex scandal, which we articulate as part of the distinctly American culture of silence. By...		2012
INTERNAL AUDIT AND WHISTLE-BLOWING	Georgiana Susmanschi	journal article	ABSTRACT. Whistle-blowing issues raised much debate over several decades. Developments in law and in corporate governance along with the development of some special functions inside...		2012
Whistleblowing: Ein schwieriges Konzept aus Sicht der Pflegenden	Monika Habermann, Henning Cramer, Friedhelm Pielage, Maya Stagge	journal article	Preventig errors and implementing risk management systems in health and nursing care requires knowledge about nurses' perceptions of errors, such as their handling and their...		2010
Whistleblower Protections under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act: A Primer and a Critique	Valerie Watnick	journal article	INTRODUCTION In the wake of scandals involving Enron, Arthur Andersen and other corporations, Congress enacted the landmark Corporate and Criminal Fraud Accountability Act, more famously...	Sarbanes Oxley	2009
Internal Whistleblowing Intentions by Internal Auditors: A Prosocial Behaviour Perspective	Syahrul Ahmar Ahmad, Malcolm Smith, Zubaidah Ismail	journal article	Despite extensive research having been undertaken on the issue of whistleblowing globally, empirical study in this area is still scarce in Malaysia. This paper examines...		2013
Towards 'ideal' whistleblowing legislation? Some lessons from recent Australian experience	A J Brown	journal article	Abstract Whistleblower protection is increasingly important for detection and rectification of wrongdoing in and by organisations, and enforcement of citizen and worker rights. However the...		2013
Prospective Teachers' Value Orientations as Determinants of Preference for External and Anonymous Whistleblowing.	Asiye Toker Gokce	journal article	Whistle-blowing indicates disclosing organizational wrongdoings resulting in harm to third parties. An individual's decision to blow the whistle might be based upon organizational, situational or...		2013
Whistleblower Policy— Time to Make it Mandatory:	Sanjay Dhamija	journal article	The main objective of this study is to examine the implementation of whistleblower policy by Indian companies. As of today, having a whistleblower policy is...		2014
The silence of the unblown whistle: the Nevada hepatitis C public health crisis.	Elizabeth Leary, Donna Diers	journal article	In 2008, one of the worst public health crises occurred in the state of Nevada, where authorities discovered up to 63,000 patients were potentially exposed...		2013
Pro-Whistleblower Reform in the Post-Garcetti Era	Julian W. Kleinbrodt	journal article	Whistleblowers who expose government ineptitude, inefficiency, and corruption are valuable assets to a well-functioning democracy. Until recently, the Connick-Pickering test governed public employee speech law;...		2013
Malice and Whistleblowing	Peter Bowal	journal article	Whistleblowing legislation and corporate whistleblowing policies typically prescribe that reports of wrongdoing must be made in “good faith.” Sometimes this requirement is stated in the...		2013
Whistleblower was unfairly dismissed in case lasting 12 years, tribunal rules	Clare Dyer	journal article	A whistleblowing consultant cardiologist who was suspended by an NHS trust from 2002 to 2007 and sacked in 2010 was unfairly dismissed, an employment tribunal...		2014
Better Bounty Hunting: How the SEC's New Whistleblower Program Changes the Securities Fraud Class Action Debate	Amanda M. Rose	journal article	ABSTRACT-The SEC's new whistleblower bounty program has provoked significant controversy. That controversy has centered on the failure of the implementing rules to make internal reporting...		2015
Whistle While You Work: Whistleblowing in the Presence of Competing Incentives and Pressures	Jason MacGregor, Martin Stuebs	journal article	This instructional case connects whistleblowing incentives and ethical issues in different reporting environments. It provides three different whistleblowing scenarios that allow students to identify and...		2014
Whistleblowing policy disclosure: evidence from an Indian emerging market	Arpita Agnihotri, Saurabh Bhattacharya	journal article	Purpose – This paper aims to investigate factors which drive firms to disclose whistleblowing policies in one of the emerging markets, i.e. India. Design/methodology/approach –...		2015
Contesting a biopolitics of information and communications: The importance of truth and sousveillance after Snowden	Miguelángel Verde Garrido	journal article	This article aims to provide a novel conceptual understanding of the nature of the global mass surveillance policies and practices revealed by whistleblower Edward Snowden...		2015
Whistleblowing in medicine and in Homer's Iliad	Victoria Rodulson, Robert Marshall, Alan Bleakley	journal article	‘Thinking with Homer’, or drawing creatively on themes and scenes from Homer's Iliad and Odyssey , can help us to better understand medical culture and...		2015
Industrial relations and the management of whistleblowing after the Francis report: what can be learned from the evidence?	David B. Lewis, Alessio D'Angelo, Lisa Clarke	journal article	This article focuses on the results obtained from the quantitative surveys conducted for the independent review into creating an open and honest report culture in...		2015
Does job satisfaction, fair treatment, and cooperativeness influence the whistleblowing practice in Malaysian Government linked companies?	Jamaliah Said, Md. Mahmudul Alam, Dar Irna Bt Mohamed, Marhamah Rafidi	journal article	Whistleblowing is an important factor in preventing corruption and fraud in organizations. There is a law to promote whistleblowing practices, but the negative subsequent effect...		2017
High Value Lies, Ugly Truths, and the First Amendment	Alan K. Chen, Justin F. Marceau	journal article	I. INTRODUCTIONLying has a complicated relationship with the First Amendment. It is beyond question that some lies-such as perjury and fraud-are simply not covered by...		2015
Whistle Blowing: A Message to Leaders and Managers; Comment on “Cultures of Silence and Cultures of Voice: The Role of Whistleblowing in Healthcare Organizations”	Edgar H. Schein	journal article	This comment argues that instead of worrying about the pros and cons of whistleblowing one should focus on the more general problem of the failure...		2015
Whistleblowing, Governance and Regulation Before the Financial Crisis: The Case of HBOS	Ian P. Dewing, Peter O. Russell	journal article	Following the financial crisis of 2008, the Treasury Committee of the UK House of Commons undertook an inquiry into the lessons that might be learned...		2016
Both Whistleblowers and the Scientists They Accuse Are Vulnerable and Deserve Protection.	Lex M. Bouter, Sven Hendrix	journal article	Whistleblowers play an important role diagnosing research misconduct, but often experience severe negative consequences. That is also true for incorrectly accused scientists. Both categories are...		2017
Whistleblowing junior doctor scores victory in Court of Appeal	Clare Dyer	journal article	A whistleblowing junior doctor who said that his career was destroyed by Health Education England (HEE) has scored an important victory in the Court of...		2017
To Whistleblow or Not to Whistleblow: Affective and Cognitive Differences in Reporting Peers and Advisors.	Tristan McIntosh, Cory Higgs, Megan R. Turner, Paul Partlow, Logan M. Steele, Alexandra E. MacDougall, Shane Connelly, Michael D. Mumford	journal article	Traditional whistleblowing theories have purported that whistleblowers engage in a rational process in determining whether or not to blow the whistle on misconduct. However, stressors...		2019

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Wrongdoing and whistleblowing in health care	Johanna Pohjanoksa, Minna Stolt, Riitta Suhonen, Riitta Suhonen, Helena Leino‐Kilpi, Helena Leino‐Kilpi	journal article	AIM(S) To describe healthcare professionals' experiences of observed wrongdoing and potential whistleblowing acts regarding it. The main goal is to strengthen the whistleblowing process described...	2019
The determinants of whistleblowing in public administrations: an analysis conducted in Italian health organizations, universities, and municipalities	Pietro Previtali, Paola Cerchiello	journal article	The aim of this paper is to examine which variables are most important in encouraging whistleblowing in Italian public administrations, as a result of the...	2018
Whistleblowing and diffusion of responsibility: An experiment	Lawrence Choo, Veronika Grimm, Gergely Horváth, Kohei Nitta	journal article	Abstract In this paper we examine diffusion of responsibility in a whistleblowing experiment. We use a multi-player asymmetric information ultimatum game where only the proposer...	2019
Whistleblowing from an international perspective: A comparative analysis of institutional arrangements	Kim Loyens, Wim Vandekerckhove	journal article	While there appears to be consensus amongst policy makers that legislation to protect whistleblowers is needed, the emerging policy question addresses what institutional framework is...	2018
The Feasibility of a Public Interest Defense for Whistleblowing.	Eric R. Boot	journal article	It is commonly stated, by both whistleblower protection laws and political philosophers, that a breach of state secrecy by disclosing classified documents is justified if...	2020
Theories of Whistleblowing	Emanuela Ceva	journal article	“Whistleblowing” has entered the scholarly and the public debate as a way of describing the exposure by the member of an organization of episodes of...	2020
Speaking Truth to Power: Twitter Reactions to the Panama Papers	Dean Neu, Gregory Saxton, Jeffery Everett, Abu Rahaman Shiraz	journal article	The current study examines the micro-linguistic details of Twitter responses to the whistleblower-initiated publication of the Panama Papers. The leaked documents contained the micro-details of...	2020
Empirical evidence of lack of significant support for whistleblowing	Conor Buckley, Derry Cotter, Mark Hutchinson, Conor O'Leary	journal article	Whistleblowing has often been regarded as an intrusion into the commercial functioning of organisations, and whistle-blowers have frequently found their career prospects to go into...	2010
Evidence on the Use and Efficacy of Internal Whistleblowing Systems	Stephen R. Stubben, Kyle T. Welch	journal article	Using a proprietary data set from a provider of internal whistleblowing (WB) systems, we analyze nearly two million internal WB reports submitted to over 1,000...	2020
Can Ethics Education Impact Whistleblowing	Tara J. Shawver	journal article	We need more whistleblowers! That cry comes up from the public over and over as more incidents of professional malfeasance come to light. Yes, whistleblowers...	2011
İşletmelerde ahlaki olmayan davranışların duyurulması (whıstleblowıng)	Emel Esen, Hasan Ali Kaplan	journal article	In organizations, employees meet ethical behavior and also unethical behavior which damage organizations and employees. Whistleblowing occurs as using organizations' resources badly, stealing, bribing, discrimination,...	2012
Does the risk of reprisal prevent nurses blowing the whistle on bad practice	Bill Whitehead, Denise Barker	journal article	Background Despite the introduction of legislation to protect people who report poor or unsafe practice, whistleblowing can still have serious consequences for nurses. Aim To...	2010
Whistleblowing in Central Europe	Tivadar Hüttl, Sándor Léderer	journal article	Effective whistleblowing legislation is a crucial element in the fight against corruption because it is a means to expose fraud and misuse of public resources,...	2013
Internal Whistleblowing Intentions of Accounting Students in South Africa: The Impact of Fear of Retaliation, Materiality and Gender	Olawale Fatoki	journal article	This study examined the perception of accounting students about whistleblowing. In addition, the study investigated the impact of the strength of retaliation and materiality on...	2013
Whither Whistleblowing? Bounty Regimes, Regulatory Context, and the Challenge of Optimal Design	David Freeman Engstrom	journal article	Whistleblower bounty schemes that pay individuals a cash “bounty” for surfacing information about illegal conduct have rapidly gained public and scholarly attention, fueling calls to...	2014
Good Governance and Whistleblowing: A Case of a Higher Education Institution (HEI) in South Africa	Nirmala Dorasamy	journal article	The article aims to explore the attitudes of employees toward the Protected Disclosures Act (2000) in providing protection to whistleblowers in South Africa. It seeks...	2013
A Levinasian approach to whistleblowing	Amanda Loumansky, David Lewis	journal article	This article draws on the work of the philosopher Emmanuel Levinas to offer a fresh insight into the law’s response to the issue of whistleblowing....	2013
Protecting Whistleblower Protections in the Dodd-Frank Act	Samuel C. Leifer	journal article	In 2008, the United States fell into its worst economic recession in over seventy years. In response, Congress enacted the near-comprehensive Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform...	2014
Legislating for advocacy: The case of whistleblowing	Chanel L Watson, Tom O’Connor	journal article	Background:The role of nurses as patient advocates is one which is well recognised, supported and the subject of a broad body of literature. One of...	2017
Whistleblowing: a three part view	Ronald Francis, Anona Armstrong, I Foxley	journal article	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide contrasting views on whistleblowing, and offers a three-fold view of whistleblowing. First, it gives some...	2015
Sociocultural dynamics in whistleblowing: insights from India	Premilla D'Cruz, Brita Bjørkelo	journal article	Purpose – Through state-of-the-art insights on whistleblowing in India, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the role of sociocultural dynamics in whistleblowing. Design/methodology/approach...	2016
The Church, The Commission and the Truth: Inside the NSW Special Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse	Kathleen McPhillips	journal article	The NSW Special Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse in the Newcastle-Maitland diocese, an area north of Sydney, Australia, held proceedings during 2013. The Special Inquiry...	2016
Critical Analysis of Whistleblowing in Construction Organizations: Findings from Hong Kong	Olugbenga T. Oladinrin, Christabel M. F. Ho, Xue Lin	journal article	AbstractEffective whistleblowing in construction organizations can forestall severe consequences and economic losses that may result from undetected misconduct. Aiming at facilitating whistleblowing procedures, this research...	2017
Embezzlement, whistleblowing, and organizational architecture: An experimental investigation	Michael D. Makowsky, Siyu Wang	journal article	Abstract We investigate the optimal shape of organizations to reduce embezzlement. In a stylized synthesis of a common pool resource and ultimatum game, agents are...	2018
Role of retaliation and value orientation in whistleblowing intentions	Sanjay Dhamija, Snigdha Rai	journal article	Present study aims to examine the role of perceived fear of retaliation and value orientations (individualism, collectivism, idealism, and relativism) on whistleblowing intentions (both internal...	2018

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Tags	Publication Date
LENIENCY, COLLUSION, CORRUPTION, AND WHISTLEBLOWING	Reinaldo Diogo Luz, Giancarlo Spagnolo	journal article	Leniency policies offering immunity to the first cartel member that blows the whistle and self-reports to the antitrust authority have become the main instrument in...		2017
Linking food safety training with whistle-blowing: The mediation roles of job satisfaction and self-efficacy	Heyao Yu, Sujata A. Sirsat, Jack A. Neal	journal article	The purpose of this paper is to develop a validated food safety whistle-blowing scale and examine how training influences food handlers’ whistle-blowing, the mediating roles...		2019
"The process isn't a case of report it and stop": athletes' lived experience of whistleblowing on doping in sport.	Kelsey Erickson, Laurie B. Patterson, Susan H. Backhouse	journal article	Abstract Whistleblowing is effective for exposing doping in sport, garnering increased support and promotion within the global anti-doping community. However, limited attention has been afforded...		2019
Would the Singaporean approach to whistleblower protection laws work in australia	John McLaren, Wesley Kendall, Laura Rook	journal article	Federal, State and Territory Governments have enacted a range of statutory laws to protect whistleblowers. The aim of these laws is to provide protection to...		2019
Whistleblower protection act	Hideo Mizutani	journal article	1. Whistleblower Protection Act The Whistleblower Protection Act (hereafter called the “Protection Act”) was enacted in June 2004 (it came into effect as of April...		2007
Building the Legitimacy of Whistleblowers: A Multi‐Case Discourse Analysis	Hervé Stolowy, Yves Gendron, Jodie Moll, Luc Paugam	journal article	Evidence suggests that society still does not view whistleblowers as wholly legitimate—despite legal pro-tections now offered in some jurisdictions, such as the United States. Drawing...		2019
Muting the Whistleblower through Retaliation in Selected African Countries	Kwame Ameyaw Domfeh, Justice Nyigmah Bawole	journal article	The paper discusses whistleblowing in selected African countries as public service ethical issue with a view to identifying its attendant hazards. It was developed mainly...		2011
Blowing the Whistle on Sarbanes-Oxley: Anonymous Hotlines and the Historical Stigma of Denunciation in Modern Germany	Judith Rauhofer	journal article	The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires listed US companies as well as non-US companies listed on a US stock exchange to establish procedures for dealing with confidential,...	Sarbanes Oxley	2007
Crime, Intimidation, and Whistleblowing: A Theory of Inference from Unverifiable Reports	Sylvain Chassang, Gerard Padró I. Miquel	journal article	We consider a game between a principal, an agent, and a monitor in which the principal would like to rely on messages by the monitor...		2019
Organisational trust as a prerequisite for whistleblowing	N. Holtzhausen	journal article	The purpose of this article is to provide a conceptual framework for trust as a prerequisite for whistleblowing in public sector organisations. A review of...		2009
What Makes Whistleblowing Effective	Carmen R. Apaza, Yongjin Chang	journal article	Through an original comparative framework, as well as archival and pattern-matching research methodologies, this project analyzes two cases to ascertain the factors that make for...		2014
Resolving Whistleblowing Disputes in the Public Interest: Is Tribunal Adjudication the Best that Can be Offered?	David B. Lewis	journal article	This article argues that employment tribunal adjudication may be both a difficult and ineffective mechanism for resolving whistleblowing disputes. The author asserts that, if disclosures...		2013
Exploring whistle blowing intentions in South Africa: A quantitative analysis	Somakanthie Pillay, Nirmala Dorasamy, Vedran Vranic	journal article	The purpose of this paper was to examine the influence of individual and situational level factors on internal whistle-blowing intentions, within a South African context....		2012
Whistleblowing and Anti-Corruption Crusade: Evidence From Nigeria	Bolanle Ogungbamila	journal article	The legal framework to fighting corruption has been less effective probably because it is evidence-based. This study investigated the extent to which whistleblowing predicted Corruption...		2014
Whistleblowing Behaviour: The Influence of Ethical Climates Theory	Syahrul Ahmar Ahmad, Rahimah Mohamed Yunos, Raja Adzrin Raja Ahmad, Zuraidah Mohd Sanusi	journal article	The study investigates the influence of three types of ethical climate dimensions (egoism, benevolence and principle) on three types of wrongdoing in examining individuals’ whistleblowing...		2014
Effects of Whistle Blowing Practices on Organizational Performance in the Nigerian Public Sector: Empirical Facts from selected Local Government in Lagos & Ogun State	Sunday Felix Taiwo, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic	journal article	1.0. INTRODUCTIONA Worthwhile exposition of whistle blowing can be undertaken from the proper understanding of business ethics dichotomy. Ethics studies moral obligatio n involving the...		2015
Whistle Blowing: The Position of Nigerian Legislation in Banking	Fola Adeyemo	journal article	Whistleblowing can be a highly instrumental tool in curtailing corruption the banking industry. However, the act of whistleblowing in Nigeria is not common practice. This...		2015
A cross–cultural comparison of whistleblowing perceptions	Xintong Cheng, Khondkar E. Karim, Karen Jingrong Lin	journal article	Through an empirical examination, this research reports on the results of cultural influences on whistleblowing decisions and the perception of people from individualistic cultures and...		2015
Whistleblowing: Don't Encourage It, Prevent It Comment on "Cultures of Silence and Cultures of Voice: The Role of Whistleblowing in Healthcare Organisations".	D. Robert MacDougall	journal article	In a recent article, Mannion and Davies argue that there are a multitude of ways in which organizations (such as the National Health Service [NHS])...		2015
Protecting ‘national security’ whistleblowers in the Council of Europe: an evaluation of three approaches on how to balance national security with freedom of expression	Dimitrios Kagiaros	journal article	In its recent case law, the European Court of Human Rights has extended freedom of expression protection to whistleblowers, including those who work for the...		2015
The role of whistleblowers in protecting the safety and integrity of the food supply.	Gerald G. Moy	journal article	The unsafe, illegal, and unethical practices, especially food fraud, by various actors along the food supply chain are old problems that have been made even...		2018
Where to report wrongdoings? Exploring the determinants of internal versus external whistleblowing	So Hee Jeon	journal article	AbstractWhistleblowers play an important role in revealing unethical behaviors in government and making government more transparent and accountable to the public. Thus, the question of...		2017
Public Perceptions of Whistleblowing	Milton Heumann, Al Friedes, David Redlawsk, Lance Cassak, Aniket Kesari	journal article	This article reports the results of a two-pronged exploration of public perceptions of whistleblowing, the first using a statewide public opinion poll, and the second,...		2016
How Does Ethical Leadership Influence Employees' Whistleblowing Intention? Evidence from China	Peng Wen, Cheng Chen	journal article	We investigated the relationship between ethical leadership and employees’ whistleblowing intention, along with the mediating role of moral identity and the moderating role of power...		2016
Case of whistleblower whose career was “destroyed” prompts review of law	Clare Dyer	journal article	The UK government has promised to look again at a gap in whistleblower protection for junior doctors, after a judgment of the Employment Appeal Tribunal...		2016

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Francis report recommends a whistleblowing guardian in every NHS organisation	Clare Dyer	journal article	UK legislation will be introduced to protect NHS whistleblowers from discrimination when they seek fresh employment, the health secretary has announced. Jeremy Hunt said that...	2015
An Interview with Snowden’s Lawyer: Robert Tibbo on Whistleblowing, Mass Surveillance and Human Rights Activism:	Iain Munro	journal article	Robert Tibbo is a prominent human rights lawyer and activist and is the defence lawyer of the National Security Agency whistleblower Edward Snowden. This interview...	2018
The Politics of Whistleblowing in Digitalized Societies	Thomas Olesen	journal article	Works on whistleblowing are overwhelmingly found within disciplines such as business ethics, law, and the professions. Despite its undeniable political and social effects, it is...	2019
Clinical governance breakdown: Australian cases of wilful blindness and whistleblowing.	Sonja Cleary, Maxine Duke	journal article	Background:After their attempts to have patient safety concerns addressed internally were ignored by wilfully blind managers, nurses from Bundaberg Base Hospital and Macarthur Health Service...	2019
Does group cohesion moderate auditors’ whistleblowing intentions?	Philmore Alleyne, Roszaini Haniffa, Mohammad Hudaib	journal article	Abstract Prior whistleblowing research documents various relationships between certain individual characteristics and the intention to report workplace irregularities (whistleblow). However, auditors are trained to work...	2019
Whistleblowing over patient safety and care quality: a review of the literature	John Blenkinsopp, Nick Snowden, Russell Mannion, Martin Powell, Huw Davies, Ross Millar, Jean McHale	journal article	Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review existing research on whistleblowing in healthcare in order to develop an evidence base for policy and...	2019
The Democratic Drama of Whistleblowing	Thomas Olesen	journal article	While major cases of whistleblowing may not be an everyday occurrence, their effects are often wide-ranging, celebrated, and controversial. Given this potent cocktail, the whistleblower...	2018
Laddered Motivations of External Whistleblowers: The Truth About Attributes, Consequences, and Values	Heungsik Park, Wim Vandekerckhove, Jaeil Lee, Joowon Jeong	journal article	The purpose of this study was to explore the motivational structures of external whistleblowers involved in the decision to blow the whistle by applying MEC...	2020
What Accounting Students Think about Whistleblowing: Are Future Accounting Professionals Willing to Whistleblow Internally or Externally for Ethics Violations?	Tara Shawver	journal article	Cynthia Cooper, Sherron Watkins, and Coleen Rowley are some of the most well-known whistleblowers who have been held in high regard for their efforts to...	2008
Confidentiality, ‘No blame culture’ and whistleblowing, non-physician practice and accountability	Stuart M. White	journal article	Confidentiality is a core tenet of medical professionalism, which enables the maintenance of trust in a doctor-patient relationship. However, both the amount of personal data...	2006
Whistleblowers: troublemakers or virtuous nurses?	Vicki D. Lachman	journal article	Whistleblowing is the action taken by a nurse who goes outside the organization for the public's best interest when it is unresponsive to reporting the...	2008
Bad news reporting on troubled IT projects: Reassessing the mediating role of responsibility in the basic whistleblowing model	Mark Keil, ChongWoo Park	journal article	Whistleblowing theory has been used in the information systems literature to help explain willingness to report bad news on troubled projects. According to whistleblowing theory,...	2010
Weeding out WikiLeaks (and why it won't work): legislative recognition of public whistleblowing in Australia	Alexander Jonathan Brown	journal article	Even in midsummer, the historic Ellingham Hall, Norfolk, is a grey place. For Australians used to brighter sunshine year round, it would retain that slight...	2011
Preparing to Blow the Whistle: A Survival Guide for Nurses	Nayna C. Philipsen, Donald Soeken	journal article	Abstract Fear of retaliation and the stigma associated with being a "troublemaker" or a "whistleblower" contributes to the underreporting of problems in health care. Any...	2011
Comparative analysis of whistleblower protection legislations in England, USA and Malaysia	Tan Pei Meng, Ong Seng Fook	journal article	This article explores the legislative efforts undertaken by the United States, England and Malaysia in providing legal protection to whistleblowers. This area has become a...	2011
Whistleblowing in the pharmaceutical industry in the United States, England, Canada, and Australia.	Sylvester James Boumil, Ashiyana Nariani, Marcia M Boumil, Harris A Berman	journal article	Fraud and abuse in the spending of public monies plague governments around the world. In the United States the False Claims Act encourages whistleblowing by...	2010
The End of the Internal Compliance World As We Know It, or an Enhancement of the Effectiveness of Securities Law Enforcement? Bounty Hunting Under the Dodd-Frank Act's Whistleblower Provisions	Justin Blount, Spencer Markel	journal article	ABSTRACTIn the wake of Bernard Madoff's $65 billion Ponzi scheme and the recent economic crisis stemming largely from loosely regulated subprime lending and mortgage-backed securities,...	2012
Speak now or forever hold your peace?: an essay on whistleblowing and its interfaces with the Brazilian culture	Diego Barreiros Dutra Sampaio, Filipe Sobral	journal article	Since the last decade corporate scandals have drawn public attention to the importance of whistleblowers, resulting in the creation of policies and statutes which rely...	2013
Whistling Rogues: A Comparative Analysis of the Dodd–Frank Whistleblower Bounty Program	Patrick A. Barthle	journal article	Table of ContentsI. Introduction 1202II. The Dodd-Frank Program 1205III. Other Whistleblower Bounty Programs 1212A. The IRS Bounty Program 1213B. The Federal False Claims Act 12171....	2012
Factors Influencing the Whistleblowing Behaviour: A Perspective from the Theory of Planned Behaviour	Ni Wayan Rustiarini, Ni Made Sunarsih	journal article	Research aim: This study aims to analyse the factors that influencethe whistleblowing behaviour of auditors in the public sector byemploying the Theory of Planned Behaviour.Design/...	2017
Different ways of blowing the whistle: Explaining variations in decentralized enforcement in the UK and France	Julien Etienne	journal article	The factors explaining decentralized enforcement – the monitoring and reporting of illegalities in organizations by employees – remain poorly understood. This article contributes to filling...	2015
What About Leadership?: Comment on "Cultures of Silence and Cultures of Voice: The Role of Whistleblowing in Healthcare Organisations".	John Blenkinsopp, Nicholas Snowden	journal article	In their valuable discussion of whistleblowing in healthcare organisations, Mannion and Davies highlight the importance of organisational culture in influencing whether people raise concerns, and...	2015
When Whistle-blowers Become the Story: The Problem of the ‘Third Victim’; Comment on “Cultures of Silence and Cultures of Voice: The Role of Whistleblowing in Healthcare Organisations”	Justin Waring	journal article	In the healthcare context, whistleblowing has come to the fore of political, professional and public attention in the wake of major service scandals and mounting...	2015
Blowing the Whistle: Individual Persuasion under Perceived Threat of Retaliation	Randall F. Young	journal article	ABSTRACT: The effectiveness of the whistleblower as a control against misconduct and fraud is dependent on the willingness of the employee to report wrongdoings to...	2017
Whistleblowing Need not Occur if Internal Voices Are Heard: From Deaf Effect to Hearer Courage; Comment on “Cultures of Silence and Cultures of Voice: The Role of Whistleblowing in Healthcare Organisations”	Sonja R. Cleary, Kerrie E. Doyle	journal article	Whistleblowing by health professionals is an infrequent and extraordinary event and need not occur if internal voices are heard. Mannion and Davies' editorial on "Cultures...	2015

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
The Whistleblower's Dilemma in Young Children: When Loyalty Trumps Other Moral Concerns.	Antonia Misch, Harriet Over, Malinda Carpenter	journal article	When a group engages in immoral behavior, group members face the whistleblower's dilemma: the conflict between remaining loyal to the group and standing up for...	2018
‘Whistleblowing Triangle’: Framework and Empirical Evidence	Hengky Latan, Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour, Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour	journal article	This work empirically tests the concept of the ‘whistleblowing triangle,’ which is modeled on the three factors encapsulated by the fraud triangle (pressure or financial...	2019
Nineteen years of whistleblowing legislation in the UK: is it time for a more comprehensive approach?	David Balaban Lewis	journal article	The Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 (PIDA 1998) was the model for South Africa’s Protected Disclosures Act 2000 and has been regarded as an exemplary...	2017
The negative health effects of external whistleblowing: A study of some key factors	Heungsik Park, David Lewis	journal article	Abstract Blowing the whistle is a pro-social behaviour which can be highly effective if wrongdoing could be corrected without any adverse consequences for the person...	2018
A justification of whistleblowing	Manohar Kumar, Daniele Santoro	journal article	Whistleblowing is the act of disclosing information from a public or private organization in order to reveal cases of corruption that are of immediate or...	2017
Whistleblowing--is it really worth the consequences?	Kayla L. Delk	journal article	This article explores general principles of state whistleblower laws and alerts nurses to considerations when deciding whether to report an employer violation. Reporting an employer...	2013
Advice for Plagiarism Whistleblowers	Mark Fox, Jeffrey Beall	journal article	Scholarly open-access publishing has made it easier for researchers to discover and report academic misconduct such as plagiarism. However, as the website Retraction Watch shows,...	2014
The motivations of external whistleblowers and their impact on the intention to blow the whistle again	Heungsik Park, David B. Lewis	journal article	The purpose of this study was to inquire into the relative importance of morality, cost‐benefit, and emotion as motivations for the decision to blow the...	2019
Perspectives on whistleblowing: faculty member viewpoints and suggestions for organizational change.	T M S Jensen Mecca, M S Vincent Giorgini, M S Kelsey Medeiros, M S Carter Gibson, Lynn Devenport, Shane Connelly, Michael Mumford	journal article	Given the prevalence of unethical behavior in research, whistleblowing may serve an important policing function. Despite this potential value of whistleblowing to organizations, engaging in...	2014
Preparing Whistleblowers for Reporting Research Misconduct	Arthur J. Bonito, Sandra L. Titus, Angela M. Greene, Jacqueline Amoozegar, Celia Eicheldinger, David E. Wright	journal article	Making an allegation of research misconduct can be stressful for a whistleblower. The Research Integrity Officer (RIO) can play an important role in helping reduce...	2012
THE INFLUENCE OF INDIVIDUAL AND SITUATIONAL FACTORS ON LOWER-LEVEL CIVIL SERVANTS’ WHISTLE-BLOWING INTENTION IN INDONESIA	Rijadh Djatu Winardi	journal article	The purpose of this research is to examine empirically the influence of individual and situational factors on the whistle-blowing intentions among lower-level civil servants in...	2013
What Makes Whistleblowers So Threatening?; Comment on “Cultures of Silence and Cultures of Voice: The Role of Whistleblowing in Healthcare Organisations”	Charles Frederick Alford	journal article	Whistleblowing is defined by the retaliation that those who speak out receive. Why some organizations find it almost impossible not to retaliate depends more on...	2015
Ethical Leadership and Whistleblowing: Collective Moral Potency and Personal Identification as Mediators	Fa-wang Zhang, Jian-qiao Liao, Jin-ming Yuan	journal article	Given the prevalence and concealment of misconduct in the workplace, whistleblowing has become an important organizational control mechanism. In this study, we focused on the...	2016
Antecedent Factors of Whistleblowing in Organizations	Maheran Zakaria	journal article	Abstract Despite a significant increase in the awareness on the importance of whistleblowing practices in work place, many remain silent and choose not to report...	2015
Whistleblowing as a countermeasure strategy against food crime	Jan Mei Soon, Louise Manning	journal article	Purpose The purpose of this paper is to undertake a two-phase desktop review of literature sources in order to conceptualise, frame, and critique existing whistleblowing...	2017
Whistleblower laws and corporate fraud: Evidence from the United States☆	Adriana S. Cordis, Elizabeth M. Lambert	journal article	Abstract We use data from the United States to assess whether whistleblower laws that protect private employees from retaliation have an impact on corporate fraud....	2017
A Lobbying Approach to Evaluating the Whistleblower Provisions of the Dodd‐Frank Reform Act of 2010	Vishal P. Baloria, Carol A. Marquardt, Christine I. Wiedman	journal article	We evaluate the net costs and benefits of the whistleblower (WB) provisions adopted under the Dodd-Frank Reform Act of 2010 by examining investor responses to...	2017
Resilience and whistleblowers: Coping with the consequences	Tina Uys, Ria Smit	journal article	The growing literature on whistleblowing focuses largely on ethical issues related to whistleblowing, the victimization and protection of whistleblowers and developing an understanding of organizational...	2016
A Wicked Problem? Whistleblowing in Healthcare Organisations; Comment on “Cultures of Silence And Cultures of Voice: The Role of Whistleblowing in Healthcare Organisations”	Paula Hyde	journal article	Mannion and Davies’ article recognises whistleblowing as an important means of identifying quality and safety issues in healthcare organisations. While ‘voice’ is a useful lens...	2016
Prioritizing the Factors influencing Whistle Blowing Intentions of Teachers in Higher Education Institutes in India	Kriti Priya Gupta, Narendra Singh Chaudhary	journal article	Abstract The purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritize the factors which influence the whistle blowing intentions of teachers working in private higher...	2017
Comments by the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on the Securities and Exchange Commission Proposed Rules for Implementing the Whistleblower Provisions of Section 21F of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934	Eileen Z Taylor, James Bierstaker, Joseph F. Brazel	journal article	SUMMARY: Recently, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC” or “Commission”) proposed rules and forms to implement Section 21F of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934...	2011
Whistleblowing and Information Ethics: Facilitation, Entropy, and Ecopoiesis	Wim Vandekerckhove	journal article	This paper analyses whistleblowing from the perspective of Floridi’s information ethics (IE). Although there is a vast body of literature on whistleblowing using micro-ethical (egopoietic)...	2018
Whistleblowing: Factors That Contribute to Management Accountants Reporting Questionable Dilemmas: Whistleblowing Has Become an Important Issue for Management Accountants Today. This Article Explores the Reasons Management Accountants May Choose to Blow the Whistle for Three Different Materiality Levels	Tara Shawver, Andlynn H. Clements	journal article	Transparency in financial reporting is the mantra of the day, but the means to that transparency remains elusive. One element of transparency is the discovery...	2008
Whistleblowing in the Fortune 1000: What practitioners told us about wrongdoing in corporations in a pilot study	Cary A. Greenwood	journal article	Abstract This pilot study asked corporate public relations executives and practitioners in the largest publicly traded corporations in the United States about their involvement in...	2015
Whistleblowing: motivations, corporate self-regulation, and the law	Peter Yeoh	journal article	Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to investigate the motivation behind whistleblowing, the tussle between internal and external whistleblowing and the extent whistleblowing...	2014

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Categorization of Whistleblowers Using the Whistleblowing Triangle	Nadia Smaili, Paulina Arroyo	journal article	In view of recent studies that identified certain interest groups as potential whistleblowers, we propose an integrative conceptual framework to examine whistleblower behavior by whistleblower...	2019
Sounds of Silence: Organisational trust and decisions to blow the whistle	Elli Binikos	journal article	Whistleblowing is a form of pro-social behaviour that occurs when an employee reports organisational wrongdoing to an authority able to implement corrective action. While a...	2008
Nurses involved in whistleblowing incidents: sequelae for their families.	Lesley M Wilkes, Lesley M Wilkes, Kathleen Peters, Roslyn Weaver, Debra Jackson	journal article	Nurses involved in whistleblowing often face economic and emotional retaliation, victimization and abuse. Yet for many nurses, one major part of their whistleblowing experience is...	2011
Whistleblowing on Fraud for Pay: Can I Trust You?	Cynthia P. Guthrie, Eileen Z. Taylor	journal article	ABSTRACT: The SEC whistleblower bounty program's effectiveness in increasing external reports of illegal acts suggests that employers might increase internal whistleblowing by offering monetary awa...	2017
An empirical research about whistleblowing behavior in accounting context	Turhan Erkmen, Arzu Özsözgün Çalışkan, Emel Esen	journal article	Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze whether whistleblowing is a fact among accounting professionals when there is a serious wrongdoing at...	2014
Whistleblowing, Ethics and Corporate Culture: Theory and Practice in Australia	Janine Pascoe, Michelle Welsh	journal article	Recent instability in the global financial markets has highlighted the need for companies to remain vigilant in detecting fraud and other forms of misconduct. Encouraging...	2011
Do Employees Feel Comfortable Blowing the Whistle When Their Supervisors Practice Transformational Leadership	James Gerard Caillier	journal article	Although public organization literature is replete with studies examining whistleblowing, scholars have generally neglected the connection between leadership styles and whistleblowing. Furthermore, no study was...	2013
Is a public interest test for workplace whistleblowing in society’s interest?	David Lewis	journal article	Purpose – The aim of the paper is to consider the efficacy of requiring a public interest test to be satisfied before protection is afforded...	2015
A Theory of Whistleblower Rewards	Yehonatan Givati	journal article	AbstractTo enforce the law, the government must learn about violations of the law. One way of obtaining such information is by employing police officers and...	2016
What Works: The Role of Confidential Integrity Advisors and Effective Whistleblowing	G. de Graaf	journal article	Whistleblowing and whistleblowers have received a great deal of attention over the last decade. By now, we know quite a bit about the whistleblower. Whistleblowing...	2019
Whistleblowing: a critical philosophical analysis of the component moral decisions of the act and some new perspectives on its moral significance	Patrick O'Sullivan, Patrick O'Sullivan, Ola Ngau	journal article	Discussions of whistleblowing whether in academic literature or in more popular media have tended to very one-sided assessments of the moral worth of the act....	2014
Moral intensity, ethical decision making, and whistleblowing intention	Sean Valentine, Lynn Godkin	journal article	Abstract Given the importance of organizational whistleblowing, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among individuals' perceptions of moral intensity, ethical decision...	2019
To Tell or Not to Tell? The Ethical Dilemma of the Would-Be Whistleblower	Janet Malek	journal article	Despite the growing emphasis placed on the responsible conduct of research, little attention has been devoted to the question of what an individual should do...	2010
Whistleblower laws and exposed corruption in the United States	Rajeev K. Goel, Michael A. Nelson	journal article	This research creates a unique internet-based measure of awareness about state-level whistleblower laws and provisions to examine their effects on observed corruption in the United...	2014
The Necessary Illegitimacy of the Whistleblower	K.R. Sawyer, Jacqueline Johnson, Mark Holub	journal article	This article examines the plight of the whistleblower using elements of organizational legitimacy theory. In recognizing the negative correlation between the actions of the organization...	2010
Determinants of Whistleblowing Intention: Evidence from the South Korean Government	Yongjin Chang, Mark Wilding, Min Chul Shin	journal article	In 2001, the South Korean government passed the Anti-Corruption Act, which provides whistleblower protection in the public sector. The system of protections and rewards was...	2017
Whistleblower Subjectivities: Organization and Passionate Attachment:	Kate Kenny, Marianna Fotaki, Wim Vandekerckhove	journal article	What is the nature of whistleblower subjectivity? In this article, we depart from current scholarly depictions of this figure as a fearless truth-teller who is...	2020
Whistleblowing in Local Government: An Empirical Study of Contact Patterns and Whistleblowing in 20 Norwegian Municipalities	Marit Skivenes, Sissel Charlotte Trygstad	journal article	Whistleblowing by administrative employees in local governments can bring critical knowledge about misconduct and failed policy outcomes and priorities to the attention of politicians. This...	2016
“I don't know if I would report them”: Student-athletes' thoughts, feelings and anticipated behaviours on blowing the whistle on doping in sport	Kelsey Erickson, Susan H. Backhouse, David Carless	journal article	Abstract Revisions to global anti-doping policy and growing evidence of systematic doping in sport means athletes and athlete support personnel are increasingly encouraged to ‘...	2017
The Effect of Incentive Framing and Descriptive Norms on Internal Whistleblowing	Clara Xiaoling Chen, Jennifer E. Nichol, Flora H. Zhou	journal article	Firms are under increasing pressure to implement effective internal whistleblowing systems. While firms can provide incentives to encourage internal whistleblowing, it remains controversial how such...	2017
External Whistleblowers’ Experiences of Workplace Bullying by Superiors and Colleagues	Heungsik Park, Brita Bjørkelo, John Blenkinsopp	journal article	The purpose of this study was to investigate external whistleblowers’ experiences of workplace bullying by superiors and colleagues, and to analyze how the bullying was...	2020
Changing the face of whistleblowing	Peter Gooderham	journal article	Statutory protection, support from regulatory bodies and a culture change are required A decade after the scandal at Bristol Royal Infirmary1 whistleblowing is still hazardous...	2009
Whistleblowing: what influences nurses' decisions on whether to report poor practice?	Ann Gallagher	journal article	Several recent high profile examples demonstrate that nurses fear and have reason to fear the consequences of reporting poor practice. This article examines the ethical...	2010
The Effects of Anticipated Regret on the Whistleblowing Decision	Amy J. Fredin	journal article	This article incorporates two emotion-based psychology theories into the study of whistleblowing. Particularly, it studies how one's predicted regret may differ when one is cued...	2011
The effects of compensation structures and monetary rewards on managers’ decisions to blow the whistle	Jacob M. Rose, Alisa G. Brink, Carolyn Strand Norman	journal article	Recent research indicates that compensation structure can be used by firms to discourage their employees from whistleblowing. We extend the ethics literature by examining how...	2018

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Perceptions, predictors and consequences of whistleblowing among accounting employees in Barbados	Philmore Alleyne, Wayne Charles-Soverall, Tracey Broome, Amanda Pierce	journal article	Purpose - Whistleblowing has been receiving increased attention and support in recent times as a means of detecting and correcting wrongdoing in organizations. This study...	2017
The power of moral concerns in predicting whistleblowing decisions	James A. Dungan, Liane Young, Adam Waytz	journal article	Abstract Whistleblowers risk great personal cost to expose injustice. While their actions are sometimes deemed morally courageous, existing evidence that whistleblowers are primarily motivated by...	2019
The Public Company Whistleblowing Environment: Perceptions of a Wrongful Act and Monetary Attitude	Alisa G. Brink, D. Jordan Lowe, Lisa M. Victoravich	journal article	ABSTRACT: The passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) and Dodd-Frank Acts created a unique environment for whistleblowing at public companies. SOX requires public companies to establish...	2017
Improving health care quality: the implementation of whistleblowing	Maria Vincenza Ciasullo, Silvia Cosimato, Rocco Palumbo	journal article	Purpose In line with the current literature, the purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of whistleblowing procedures and their influence...	2017
Understanding the knowledge gaps in whistleblowing and speaking up in health care: narrative reviews of the research literature and formal inquiries, a legal analysis and stakeholder interviews	Russell Mannion, John Blenkinsopp, Martin Powell, Jean McHale, Ross Millar, Nicholas Snowden, Huw Davies	journal article	Background There is compelling evidence to suggest that some (or even many) NHS staff feel unable to speak up, and that even when they do,...	2018
Modeling Accountant Whistleblowing Intentions: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Fraud Triangle	J. Owen Brown, Jerry Hays, Martin T. Stuebs	journal article	ABSTRACT: Accounting fraud represents a severe threat to the public interest, and whistleblowing remains the most effective fraud discovery mechanism. In this research, we integrate...	2016
Whistle Where You Work? The Ineffectiveness of the Federal Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989 and the Promise of the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012	Shelley L. Peffer, Aleksandr Bocheko, Rita E. Del Valle, Allmir Osmani, Shawn Peyton, Edna Roman	journal article	The Whistleblower Protection Act (WPA) of 1989 was enacted to provide protection to employees who report wrongdoing on the part of their employers. This study...	2015
Influence of Ethical Position on Whistleblowing Behaviour: Do Preferred Channels in Private and Public Sectors Differ?	Dilek Zamantılı Nayır, Michael T. Rehg, Yurdanur Asa	journal article	Whistleblowing refers to the disclosure by organization members of illegal, immoral, or illegitimate practices to persons or organizations that may be able to effect action....	2018
Mental heath as a weapon: Whistleblower retaliation and normative violence	Kate Kenny, Marianna Fotaki, Stacey Scriver	journal article	What form does power take in situations of retaliation against whistleblowers? In this article, we move away from dominant perspectives that see power as a...	2019
Dealing with dissent: whistleblowing, egalitarianism, and the republic of the firm	Anthony J. Evans	journal article	This article seeks to illuminate the phenomenon of whistleblowing (defined as “the unauthorized revelation of wrongdoing”) from the perspective of grid–group “cultural theory” and the...	2008
Blowing the whistle to protect a patient: a comparison between physiotherapy students and physiotherapists	Abraham Mansbach, Itzik Melzer, Yaacov G. Bachner	journal article	Abstract Objectives To answer three questions: Are physiotherapists and physiotherapy students willing to take action to prevent misconduct in order to protect a patient's interests?...	2012
Nursing students' willingness to blow the whistle	Abraham Mansbach, Hana Ziedenberg, Yaacov G. Bachner	journal article	SUMMARY Background and Purpose Whistleblowing in the nursing profession is a complex dilemma. If nurses decide to do nothing to stop a colleague's or management's...	2013
Ethical Leadership and Internal Whistleblowing: A Mediated Moderation Model	Jin Cheng, Haiqing Bai, Xijuan Yang	journal article	Studies have shown that internal whistleblowing could be utilized as an effective way to stop an organization’s unethical behaviors. This study investigates the relationship between...	2019
To Blow or not to Blow: An Experimental Study on the Intention to Whistleblow on Software Piracy	Lih-Bin Oh, Hock-Hai Teo	journal article	Using the Behavioral Reasoning Theory, we examine the factors that determine individuals' attitudes toward and intentions to whistleblow on the use of pirated software. A...	2010
Morality of principle versus morality of loyalty: The case of whistleblowing	Tina Uys, Anton Senekal	journal article	whistleblowing involves the unauthorised disclosure of organisational wrongdoing by an employee (or former employee) to those who are perceived to be in a position to...	2014
An Analysis of Current Whistleblower Laws: Defending a More Flexible Approach to Reporting Requirements	Gerard Sinzdak	journal article	retaliated against Watkins with legal impunity.2 Under Texas's whistleblower law, employees of private employers receive legal protection against retaliation only if they report wrongdoing to...	2008
Hijacking the Moral Imperative: How Financial Incentives Can Discourage Whistleblower Reporting	Leslie Berger, Stephen Perreault, James Wainberg	journal article	SUMMARY: Recently, policy makers have focused significant attention on the use of financial rewards as a means of encouraging whistleblower reporting, e.g., the Dodd-Frank Act...	2017
The World of Whistleblowing: From the Altruist to the Avenger	Milton Heumann, Al Friedes, Lance Cassak, Wendy Wright, Ela Joshi	journal article	This exploratory study investigates the world of whistleblowing. The topic has produced a great deal of discussion but little clear understanding of the contexts in...	2013
Towards a Custom-Made Whistleblowing Policy. Using Grid-Group Cultural Theory to Match Policy Measures to Different Styles of Peer Reporting	Kim Loyens	journal article	To be effective, whistleblowing policies should be adapted to the organisational culture. They need to be custom-made and not follow a one-size-fits-all logic, specifically when...	2013
Self‐Reported Likelihood of Whistleblowing by Social Work Students	Abraham Mansbach, Yaacov G. Bachner	journal article	This article presents a first study on the professional–ethical dilemma of whistleblowing in social work, and suggests some lines for further research on this topic...	2009
When care is needed: the role of whistleblowing in promoting best standards from an individual and organizational perspective	Daniel M. Kelly, Aled Jones	journal article	Purpose – The aim of this paper is to scan the evidence and to make sense of the processes underpinning the maintenance of care standards...	2013
Why police officers and labour inspectors (do not) blow the whistle: A grid group cultural theory perspective	Kim Loyens	journal article	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer and test a theoretical framework that can be used to identify different styles of peer...	2013
What Makes Whistleblowing Effective: Whistleblowing in Peru and South Korea	Carmen R. Apaza, Yongjin Chang	journal article	Through an original comparative framework, as well as archival and pattern-matching research methodologies, this project analyzes two cases to ascertain the factors that make for...	2011
Enhancing effectiveness of anti-money laundering laws through whistleblowing	Peter Yeoh	journal article	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review inadequacies of anti-money laundering (AML) and whistleblowing laws particularly in the UK financial services sector...	2014
Leaks, legislation and freedom of speech: how can the law effectively promote public interest whistleblowing	Bjorn Fasterling, David B. Lewis	journal article	In this article we outline the differences between leaking and whistleblowing, and provide possible justifications for leaking. We argue that, as a matter of principle,...	2014

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Encouraging Whistle Blowing to Improve Corporate Governance? A Malaysian Initiative.	Shanthy Rachagan, Kalaithasan Kuppusamy	journal article	This article reviews if the introduction of new laws to encourage and protect whistleblowers is sufficient to improve corporate governance in Malaysian public-listed companies. It...	2013
Common law – common mistakes? Protecting whistleblowers in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the United Kingdom	William De Maria	journal article	Purpose – The paper aims to respond conceptually, rather then empirically, to policy ignorance. It seeks to examine certain aspects of whistleblower protection offered in...	2006
Why good guys finish last The role of justification motives, cognition, and emotion in predicting retaliation against whistleblowers	John J. Sumanth, David M. Mayer, Virginia S. Kay	journal article	Despite the public’s growing dissatisfaction with unethical behavior in modern organizations, research suggests that individuals who blow the whistle in an attempt to stop illicit...	2011
Whistleblowers in Organisations: Prophets at Work?	Stephanos Avakian, Joanne Roberts	journal article	This article argues that the study of biblical prophets offers a profound contribution to understanding the experience, role and attributes of whistleblowers. Little is known...	2012
Journalism, accountability and the possibilities for structural critique: A case study of coverage of whistleblowing	Karin Wahl-Jorgensen, Joanne Rachel Hunt	journal article	This article looks at the coverage of whistleblowers in the UK national press as a way of examining practices of journalistic accountability. Based on a...	2012
Observers' Impressions of Unethical Persons and Whistleblowers	Wayne H. Decker, Thomas J. Calo	journal article	Since there have been many recent occurrences of alleged wrongdoing by business persons and other professionals, it seems additional ethics research is needed to obtain...	2007
Under Which Conditions are Whistleblowing “Best Practices” Best?	Jian Zhang, Kurt Pany, Philip M. J. Reckers	journal article	SUMMARY: Public companies are required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to establish an anonymous reporting (whistleblowing) channel for employee reporting of questionable accounting practices....	2013
Whistleblowing as a Protracted Process: A Study of UK Whistleblower Journeys	Wim Vandekerckhove, Arron Phillips	journal article	This paper provides an exploration of whistleblowing as a protracted process, using secondary da-ta from 868 cases from a whistleblower advice line in the UK....	2019
Whistle-Blowing Systems and Legitimacy Theory: A Study of the Motivation to Implement Whistle-Blowing Systems in German Organizations	Esther Pittroff	journal article	Until now, there has been no theoretical foundation that explains why organizations implement whistle-blowing systems. By understanding whistle-blowing systems as an instrument that is desired...	2014
Getting the Word Out About Fraud: A Theoretical Analysis of Whistleblowing and Insider Trading	Jonathan R Macey	journal article	The purpose of this Article is to show that corporate whistleblowing is not analytically or functionally distinguishable from insider trading when such trading is based...	2007
The Influence of an Observer’s Value Orientation and Personality Type on Attitudes Toward Whistleblowing	Heungsik Park, John Blenkinsopp, Myeongsil Park	journal article	This study examines the influence of an observer’s value orientation and personality type on attitudes toward whistleblowing. Based on a review of the literature we...	2014
Combating corruption: The development of whistleblowing laws in the United States, Europe, and Armenia	David Schultz, Khachik Harutyunyan	journal article	Corruption is a persistent problem that plagues the world. It knows no borders. It is a problem facing post-communist countries as they transition to democracies...	2015
The Fate of Whistleblowers in Nonprofit Organizations	Joyce Rothschild	journal article	What has come to be called ‘whistleblowing’ has grown enormously in the US over recent decades and it is spreading rapidly around the world. The...	2013
Is inadequate response to whistleblowing perpetuating a culture of silence in hospitals	Linda Moore, Eilish McAuliffe	journal article	Purpose – The reporting of incidents or “whistleblowing” occurs when a member of staff within an organisation discloses that an employee has acted in a...	2010
Ethical Awareness, Ethical Judgment and Whistleblowing: A Moderated Mediation Analysis	Hengky Latan, Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour, Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour	journal article	This study aims to examine the ethical decision-making (EDM) model proposed by Schwartz (J Bus Ethics, 2015. doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2886-8), where we consider the factors of nonrationality...	2019
Whistleblowers and Organizational Protesters Crossing Imaginary Borders	William De Maria	journal article	The article contemplates a new alliance between whistleblowing and protesting. This is done in the context of seeking more powerful interventions in the fight against...	2008
Whistleblowing on accounting-related misconduct: A synthesis of the literature	Gladys Lee, Xinning Xiao	journal article	Abstract Whistleblowers have been credited for uncovering financial scandals in companies globally, including Enron, Olympus Corporation, and WorldCom. Despite increasing support and incentives for whistleblowing,...	2018
Dissolving the Moral Dilemma of Whistleblowing	Lars Lindblom	journal article	The ethical debate on whistleblowing concerns centrally the conflict between the right to political free speech and the duty of loyalty to the organization where...	2007
To defy or not to defy: An experimental study of dynamics of disobedience and whistle-blowing	P. Bocchiaro, P.G. Zimbardo, P.A.M. van Lange	journal article	This study introduces a new paradigm for investigating the dynamic processes of disobedience between individuals and unjust authority. Our experimental setting allowed participants (n = 149) to...	2012
A Dual-Processing Model of Moral Whistleblowing in Organizations	Logan L. Watts, M. Ronald Buckley	journal article	A dual-processing model of moral whistleblowing in organizations is proposed. In this theory paper, moral whistleblowing is described as a unique type of whistleblowing that...	2017
Freedom of Speech Denied, Dignity Assaulted: What the Whistleblowers Experience in the US	Joyce Rothschild	journal article	This article attempts to answer a central puzzle in the field of whistleblower research: why, with the balance of corporate power arrayed against them, with...	2008
Whistleblowing and patient safety: the patient's or the profession's interests at stake?:	Stephen Bolsin, Rita Pal, Peter Wilmshurst, Milton Pena	journal article	Whistleblowing has a tortured history in the NHS although it has been recognized by authoritative reviewers as making an important contribution to patient safety.1,2 In...	2011
The Process of Whistleblowing in a Japanese Psychiatric Hospital	Kayoko Ohnishi, Yumiko Hayama, Atsushi Asai, Shinji Kosugi	journal article	This study aims to unveil the process of whistleblowing. Two nursing staff members who worked in a psychiatric hospital convicted of large-scale wrongdoing were interviewed....	2008
Whistleblowing in Japan	Anne J Davis, Emiko Konishi	journal article	This article, written from research data, focuses on the possible meaning of the data rather than on detailed statistical reporting. It defines whistleblowing as an...	2007
Whistleblowing in Audit Firms: Do Explicit Protections from Retaliation Activate Implicit Threats of Reprisal?	James Wainberg, Stephen Perreault	journal article	ABSTRACT: Despite the increasing number of statutory protections now provided to whistleblowers, fear of reprisal remains a primary reason why individuals fail to report misconduct....	2016

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Tags	Publication Date
Ten years of public interest disclosure legislation in the UK: are whistleblowers adequately protected?	David B. Lewis	journal article	Purpose The purpose of this article is to assess the operation of the UK’s Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 (PIDA 1998) during its first 10...		2008
The Ethics of Government Whistleblowing	Candice Delmas	journal article	What is wrong with government whistleblowing and when can it be justified? In my view, "government whistleblowing," that is, the unauthorized acquisition and dis- closure...		2015
Trust, Organizational Justice, and Whistleblowing: A Research Note	Deborah L. Seifert, William W. Stammerjohan, Rebecca B. Martin	journal article	W histleblowing as a means of deterring fraud has gained more acceptance in the last ten years. For example, the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002...		2014
To blow or not to blow the whistle: the effects of potential harm, social pressure and organisational commitment on whistleblowing intention and behaviour	Ching-Pu Chen, Chih-Tsung Lai	journal article	This study uses a rational ethical decision-making framework to examine the influence of moral intensity (potential harm and social pressure) on whistleblowing intention and behaviour...		2014
Does Whistleblowing Work for Air Pollution Control in China? A Study Based on Three-party Evolutionary Game Model under Incomplete Information	Yunpeng Yang, Weixin Yang	journal article	During China’s air pollution campaign, whistleblowing has become an important way for the central government to discover local environmental issues. The three parties involved in...		2019
Reconceptualising Whistleblowing in a Complex World	Julio A. Andrade	journal article	This paper explores the ethical dilemma of conflicting loyalties found in whistleblowing. Central to this dilemma is the internal/external disclosure dichotomy; disclosure of organisational wrongdoing...		2015
The contents of whistleblowing/confidential reporting procedures in the UK: Some lessons from empirical research	David B. Lewis	journal article	Purpose – The purpose of this article is to explain why whistleblowing is important and to examine the recent empirical research relating to such confidential...		2006
Comparing Chinese and American Managers on Whistleblowing	John P. Keenan	journal article	Whistleblowing involves present or former organization members reporting illegal, unethical or illegitimate activities under the control of organization leaders to parties who are willing and...	International	2007
Whistleblowing Intentions of Lower-Level Employees: The Effect of Reporting Channel, Bystanders, and Wrongdoer Power Status	Jingyu Gao, Robert Greenberg, Bernard Wong-On-Wing	journal article	It has been suggested that a reporting channel administered by a third-party may represent a stronger procedural safeguard of anonymity and avoids the appearance of...		2015
After the wrongdoing: What managers should know about whistleblowing	Janet P. Near, Marcia P. Miceli	journal article	Abstract Most of us are likely at some point to observe wrongdoing in our organizations, and some of us will blow the whistle to someone...		2016
Whistleblowing: An integrative literature review of data-based studies involving nurses	Debra Jackson, Louise D Hickman, Marie Hutchinson, Sharon Andrew, James Smith, Ingrid Potgieter, Michelle Cleary, Kath Peters	journal article	Abstract Aim To summarise and critique the research literature about whistleblowing and nurses. Background Whistleblowing is identified as a crucial issue in maintenance of healthcare...		2014
Whistleblowing, Parrhesia and the Contestation of Truth in the Workplace	Richard Weiskopf, Yvonne Tobias-Miersch	journal article	In this paper, we develop an approach to the study of whistleblowing as a critical practice that is involved in the contestation of truth and...		2016
Rationality and Relationality in the Process of Whistleblowing: Recasting Whistleblowing Through Readings of Antigone	Alessia Contu	journal article	Reporting wrongdoing is seen as desirable to fight illegal practices, but whistleblowers often suffer retaliations and are in need of protection. Overall, whistleblowers engender strong...		2014
Whistleblowing Intentions Among Public Accountants in Indonesia: Testing for the Moderation Effects	Hengky Latan, Christian M. Ringle, Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour	journal article	Our study contributes by providing new insights into the relationship between the individual levels of the antecedents and how the intention of whistleblowing is moderated...		2018
The Evolution of Whistleblowing Studies: A Critical Review and Research Agenda	Barbara Culiberg, Katarina Katja Mihelič	journal article	Whistleblowing is a controversial yet socially significant topic of interest due to its impact on employees, organizations, and society at large. The purpose of this...		2017
Dissenting Discourse: Exploring Alternatives to the Whistleblowing/Silence Dichotomy	Hayden Teo, Donella Caspersz	journal article	In recent times, whistleblowing has become one of the most popularly debated issues of business ethics. Popular discussion has coincided with the institutionalisation of whistleblowing...		2011
The psychology of whistleblowing	James Dungan, Adam Waytz, Liane Young	journal article	Whistleblowing — reporting another person's unethical behavior to a third party — represents an ethical quandary. In some cases whistleblowing appears heroic whereas in other cases it appears reprehensible....		2015
Whistleblowing in a changing legal climate: is it time to revisit our approach to trust and loyalty at the workplace?	David B. Lewis	journal article	This article suggests that the introduction of employment protection rights for whistleblowers has implications for the way in which trust and loyalty should be viewed...		2011
On whistleblowing judgment and intention: The roles of positive mood and organizational ethical culture	Julia Zhang, Randy Chiu, Li‐Qun Wei	journal article	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose whistleblowing judgment (WBJ), positive mood (PM), and organizational ethical culture (OEC) as predictors of whistleblowing...		2009
Auditing students’ professional commitment and anticipatory socialization and their relationship to whistleblowing	Rafik Elias	journal article	Purpose – The accounting profession has emphasized the need for professionals to develop ethical attitudes early in their career, even before they enter the profession....		2008
On cheating, doping and whistleblowing	Aleksander Berentsen, Esther Bruegger, Simon Loertscher	journal article	Abstract We study the role of whistleblowing in the following inspection game. Two agents who compete for a prize can either behave legally or illegally....		2008
Whistleblowing and Compliance in the Judicial Hierarchy	Deborah Beim, Alexander V. Hirsch, Jonathan P. Kastellec	journal article	One way that principals can overcome the problem of informational asymmetries in hierarchical organizations is to enable whistleblowing. We evaluate how whistleblowing influences compliance in...		2014
The Impact of Financial Incentives and Perceptions of Seriousness on Whistleblowing Intention	Paul Andon, Clinton Free, Radzi Jidin, Gary S. Monroe, Michael J. Turner	journal article	Many jurisdictions have put regulatory strategies in place to provide incentives and safeguards to whistleblowers to encourage whistleblowing on corporate wrongdoings. One such strategy is...		2018
Whistleblowers and Outcomes of Financial Misrepresentation Enforcement Actions	Andrew C. Call, Gerald S. Martin, Nathan Y. Sharp, Jaron H. Wilde	journal article	Whistleblowers are ostensibly a valuable resource to regulators investigating securities violations, but whether there is a link between whistleblower involvement and the outcomes of enforcement...		2017
Internal or external whistleblowing: Nurses’ willingness to report wrongdoing	Abraham Mansbach, Yaacov G Bachner	journal article	In Israel, whistleblowing in the nursing profession has been largely ignored. This topic is neither part of the professional-ethical discourse nor a subject for research....		2010

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
The emotional sequelae of whistleblowing: findings from a qualitative study	Kathleen Peters, Lauretta Luck, Marie Hutchinson, Lesley M Wilkes, Sharon Andrew, Debra Jackson	journal article	AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To highlight and illuminate the emotional sequelae of whistleblowing from whistleblowers and subjects of whistleblowing complaints. BACKGROUND: Whistleblowing has the potential to...	2011
The Deterrent Effect of Employee Whistleblowing on Firms' Financial Misreporting and Tax Aggressiveness	Jaron H. Wilde	journal article	ABSTRACT: U.S. laws provide explicit whistleblower protections and direct regulators to adopt ambitious programs to reward whistleblowing. However, there is limited evidence on whether employee...	2017
Determinants of Whistleblowing Within Government Agencies	Yoon Jik Cho, Hyun Jin Song	journal article	Since Miceli and Near’s seminal work, scholars and practitioners have sought to identify determinants of whistleblowing behaviors. For example, Miceli, Near, Rehg, and Van Scotter...	2015
Whistleblowing studies in accounting research: A review of experimental studies on the determinants of whistleblowing	Lei Gao, Alisa G. Brink	journal article	Abstract We review and summarize accounting literature that examines whistleblowing in the accounting context. We organize our review around the five determinants of whistleblowing identified...	2017
Whistleblowing and Organizational Ethics	Susan L Ray	journal article	The purpose of this article is to discuss an external whistleblowing event that occurred after all internal whistleblowing through the hierarchy of the organization had...	2006
Trial and retribution: A qualitative study of whistleblowing and workplace relationships in nursing	Debra Jackson, Kathleen Peters, Sharon Andrew, Michel A Edenborough, Elizabeth Halcomb, Lauretta Luck, Yenna Salamonson, Roslyn Weaver, Lesley M Wilkes	journal article	AbstractThis paper reports a study aiming to present and describe the effects of whistleblowing episodes on nurses’ workplace relationships. Eighteen participants with direct experience of...	2010
Silence is golden? Characteristics and experiences of self-reported whistleblowers.	Brita Bjørkelo, Ståle Einarsen, Morten Birkeland Nielsen, Stig Berge Matthiesen	journal article	This study investigates the characteristics of whistleblowers, the prevalence and nature of whistleblowing, and the occurrence of retaliation after whistleblowing using a randomly selected and...	2011
The Content of Whistleblowing Procedures: A Critical Review of Recent Official Guidelines	Wim Vandekerckhove, David B. Lewis	journal article	There is an increasing recognition of the need to provide ways for people to raise concerns about suspected wrongdoing by promoting internal policies and procedures...	2012
Risky rescues and the duty to blow the whistle	Wim Vandekerckhove, Eva E. Tsahuridu	journal article	This article argues that whilst the idea of whistleblowing as a positive duty to do good or to prevent harm may be defendable, legislating that...	2010
Whistleblowing in Public Accounting: Influence of Identity Disclosure, Situational Context, and Personal Characteristics	Mary B. Curtis, Eileen Z. Taylor	journal article	ABSTRACT: Public accounting firms rely on effective reporting of unethical behavior (whistleblowing) as a form of corporate governance. This study presents results from a survey...	2009
Understanding whistleblowing: qualitative insights from nurse whistleblowers	Debra Jackson, Kathleen Peters, Sharon Andrew, Michel A Edenborough, Elizabeth Halcomb, Lauretta Luck, Yenna Salamonson, Lesley M Wilkes	journal article	Aim. This paper is a report of a study conducted to explore the reasons behind the decision to blow the whistle and provide insights into...	2010
Strategies and practices in off-label marketing of pharmaceuticals: a retrospective analysis of whistleblower complaints.	Aaron S. Kesselheim, Aaron S. Kesselheim, Michelle M. Mello, David M. Studdert	journal article	Background: Despite regulatory restrictions, off-label marketing of pharmaceutical products has been common in the US. However, the scope of off-label marketing remains poorly characterized. We...	2011
Self-Efficacy as an Intrapersonal Predictor for Internal Whistleblowing: A US and Canada Examination.	Brent R. MacNab, Reginald Worthley	journal article	Examining intrapersonal factors theorized to influence ethics reporting decisions, the relation of self-efficacy as a predictor of propensity for internal whistleblowing is investigated within a...	2008
Authentic Leadership and Whistleblowing: Mediating Roles of Psychological Safety and Personal Identification	Sheng-min Liu, Jian-qiao Liao, Hongguo Wei	journal article	The issues of organizational wrongdoing damage organizational performance and limit the development of organizations. Although organizational members may know the wrongdoing and have the opportunity...	2015
Workplace bullying after whistleblowing: Future research and implications	Brita Bjørkelo	journal article	Purpose – This paper aims to present directions for future research by linking the academic fields of workplace bullying and whistleblowing together. This article also...	2013
A Content Analysis of Whistleblowing Policies of Leading European Companies	Harold Hassink, Meinderd de Vries, Laury Bollen	journal article	Since the introduction of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002 and several other national corporate governance codes, whistleblowing policies have been implemented in a growing...	2007
Value Orientations as Determinants of Preference for External and Anonymous Whistleblowing	Dilek Zamantili Nayir, Christian Herzig	journal article	Incidences of organizational wrongdoing have become wide spread throughout the whole business world. The management of organizational wrongdoings is of growing concern in organizations globally,...	2012
Organisational Whistleblowing Policies: Making Employees Responsible or Liable?	Eva E. Tsahuridu, Wim Vandekerckhove	journal article	This paper explores the possible impact of the recent legal developments on organizational whistleblowing on the autonomy and responsibility of whistleblowers. In the past thirty...	2008
Prediction of Whistleblowing or Non-reporting Observation: The Role of Personal and Situational Factors	Peter George Cassematis, R. Wortley	journal article	This study examined whether it was possible to classify Australian public sector employees as either whistleblowers or non-reporting observers using personal and situational variables. The...	2013
Predicting proactive behaviour at work: Exploring the role of personality as an antecedent of whistleblowing behaviour	Brita Bjørkelo, Ståle Einarsen, Stig Berge Matthiesen	journal article	This paper reports on the role of personality as an antecedent of proactive behaviour at work in the form of whistleblowing. In the interest of...	2010
The Effects of Contextual and Wrongdoing Attributes on Organizational Employees Whistleblowing Intentions Following Fraud.	Shani N. Robinson, Jesse C. Robertson, Mary B. Curtis	journal article	Recent financial fraud legislation such as the Dodd–Frank Act and the Sarbanes–Oxley Act (U.S. House of Representatives, Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act...	2012
The whistleblower's dilemma and the fairness–loyalty tradeoff	Adam Waytz, James Dungan, Liane Young	journal article	Abstract Whistleblowing – reporting another person's unethical behavior to a third party – often constitutes a conflict between competing moral concerns. Whistleblowing promotes justice and...	2013
A study of whistleblowing among trainee auditors	Niamh Brennan, John Kelly	journal article	Abstract Over the last number of years whistleblowers have been gaining prominence. This paper investigates some of the factors that influence the propensity or willingness...	2007
Decision-Making Process of Internal Whistleblowing Behavior in China: Empirical Evidence and Implications	Julia Zhang, Randy Chiu, Liqun Wei	journal article	In response to the lack of empirical studies examining the internal disclosure behavior in the Chinese context, this study tested a whistleblowing-decision-making process among employees...	2009
Toward a Theory of Whistleblowing Intentions: A Benefit‐to‐Cost Differential Perspective	Mark Keil, Amrit Tiwana, Robert Sainsbury, Sweta Sneha	journal article	In order to rescue information technology (IT) projects when they go awry, it is critical to understand the factors that affect bad news reporting. Whistleblowing...	2010

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
Cultural Orientation and Attitudes Toward Different Forms of Whistleblowing: A Comparison of South Korea, Turkey, and the U.K.	Heungsik Park, John Blenkinsopp, M. Kemal Oktem, Ugur Omurgonulsen	journal article	This article reports the findings of a cross-cultural study that explored the relationship between nationality, cultural orientation, and attitudes toward different ways in which an...	2008
An examination of the layers of workplace influences in ethical judgments: Whistleblowing likelihood and perseverance in public accounting	Eileen Z. Taylor, Mary B. Curtis	journal article	We employ a Layers of Workplace Influence theory to guide our study of whistleblowing among public accounting audit seniors. Specifically, we examine professional commitment, organizational...	2010
The influence of organizational justice on accountant whistleblowing	Deborah L. Seifert, John T. Sweeney, Jeff Joireman, John M. Thornton	journal article	Abstract In this research study, we apply the theory of organizational justice to the design of whistleblowing policies and procedures. As a pro-social behavior, we...	2010
From Inaction to External Whistleblowing: The Influence of the Ethical Culture of Organizations on Employee Responses to Observed Wrongdoing	Muel Kaptein	journal article	Putting measures in place to prevent wrongdoing in organizations is important, but detecting and correcting wrongdoing are also vital. Employees who detect wrongdoing should, therefore,...	2011
Whistleblowing as Planned Behavior – A Survey of South Korean Police Officers	Heungsik Park, John Blenkinsopp	journal article	This article explores the relevance of the Theory of Planned Behavior to whistleblowing research, and considers whether its widely tested validity as a model of...	2009
Antecedents and Outcomes of Retaliation Against Whistleblowers: Gender Differences and Power Relationships	Michael T. Rehg, Marcia P. Miceli, Janet P. Near, James R. Van Scotter	journal article	Whistle-blowing represents an influence attempt in which organization member(s) try to persuade other members to cease wrongdoing; sometimes they fail; sometimes they succeed; sometimes they...	2008
The Most Famous Whistleblowers on Why They Leaked	Conor Friedersdorf	news article	Edited transcript of discussion with Daniel Ellsberg and Edward Snowden, moderated by Trevor Timm of Freedom of the Press Foundation, on their decisions to blow...	July 25, 2014
Pentagon Harbours Culture of Revenge against Whistleblowers	John M. Donnelly	news article	Looks into examples of the Pentagon retaliating against whistleblowers, based off of a report from the Pentagon Inspector General's Office to Congress.	February 25, 2019
5 Myths About Whistleblowers	Dana Gold	news article	Core information on what whistleblowing is and is not.	April 5, 2019
Hearings of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States	No Attribution	other	A hearing of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States on Congressional oversight of agencies responsible for intelligence gathering, national security and...	2003
Shutdown Survival Guide	No Attribution	other	Information for federal employees during Government Shutdowns	2018
Global Integrity Annual Report	No Attribution	other	The Annual Reports of Global Integrity, an organization that promotes open governance around the world.	2018
Whistleblowers: Broken Lives and Organizations	C. Fred Alford	book	Alford mixes narrative analysis with political insight to offer a frank picture of whistleblowing and a controversial view of organizations. According to Alford, the organization...	January 2001
The Forgotten Hero of My Lai: The Hugh Thompson Story	Trent Angers	book	The story of the U.S. Army helicopter pilot who risked his life to rescue South Vietnamese civilians and to put a stop to the My...	March 2014
The Whistleblower: Sex Trafficking, Military Contractors, and One Woman's Fight for Justice.	Kathryn Bolkovac, Cari Lynn	book	When Nebraska police officer and divorced mother of three Kathryn Bolkovac saw a recruiting announcement for private military contractor DynCorp International, she applied and was...	June 2011
The Corporate Whistleblower’s Survival Guide: A Handbook for Committing the Truth	Tom Devine, Tarek Maassarani	book	Offers authoritative, accessible information and advice on the whistleblowing process and how to survive it with sanity and dignity. Offers not just authoritative, accessible information...	April 2011
The NYPD Tapes: A Shocking Story of Cops, Cover-ups, and Courage	Graham A. Rayman	book	In May 2010, NYPD officer Adrian Schoolcraft made national headlines when he released a series of secretly recorded audio tapes exposing corruption and abuse at...	October 2014
Most Dangerous: Daniel Ellsberg and the Secret History of the Vietnam War	Steve Sheinkin	book	In 1964, Daniel Ellsburg was a U.S. government analyst, helping to plan a war in Vietnam. It was the height of the Cold War, and...	September 2015
The Successes and Failures of Whistleblower Laws	Robert G. Vaughn	book	Drawing on literature from several disciplines, this enlightening book examines the history of whistleblower laws throughout the world and provides an analytical structure for the...	2012
What the Eyes Don't See	Mona Hanna-Attisha	book	Here is the inspiring story of how Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha, alongside a team of researchers, parents, friends, and community leaders, discovered that the children of...	June 2018
Whistleblowing Law	A.J. Brown, K. Clark, T. Devine, T. Dworkin, L. Fisher, D. Lewis, O. Lobel, R. Moberly, N. Modesitt, S. Vladek	book	This collection, edited by a leading authority, presents key literature published in the last 30 years discussing the topic of whistleblowing law. The papers analyze...	2015
Whistleblowers: Honesty in America from Washington to Trump	Allison Stanger	book	Misconduct by those in high places is always dangerous to reveal. Whistleblowers thus face conflicting impulses: by challenging and exposing transgressions by the powerful, they...	September 2019
Doing Time Like a Spy: How the CIA Taught Me to Survive and Thrive in Prison	John Kiriakou	book	On February 28, 2013, after pleading guilty to violating the Intelligence Identities Protection Act, John Kiriakou began serving a thirty month prison sentence. His crime:...	May 2015
Whistleblower Law: A Practitioner's Guide	Lisa J. Banks, Jason C. Schwartz	book	Over the last two decades, state and federal lawmakers have passed a considerable amount of legislation to incentivize and protect whistleblowers in both the private...	2019
Whistleblowing: White-Collar Fraud Signal Detection	Peter Gottschalk	book	Very few white-collar criminals are detected. They are able to commit and conceal their fraud to benefit their organization or themselves, and continue in their...	January 2018

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
A Whistleblowers Lament: The Perverted Pursuit of Justice in the State of New York	Stuart Namm	book	Originally elected against great odds, post Watergate, Judge Stuart Namm spent over sixteen years on the bench in Suffolk County, New York, a Long Island...	2014
Leaks, Whistleblowing and the Public Interest: The Law of Unauthorized Disclosures	Ashley Savage	book	This book is the first of its kind to provide an in-depth treatment of the law of unauthorised disclosures in the United Kingdom. Drawing upon...	2016
Speaking Truth to Power - A Theory of Whistleblowing	Daniele Santoro, Manohar Kumar	book	Whistleblowing is the public disclosure of information with the purpose of revealing wrongdoings and abuses of power that harm the public interest. This book presents...	2018
Whistleblowing: In Defense of Proper Action	Wim Vandekerckhove, Marek Arszulowicz, W. Michael Hoffman, Robert E. McNulty, Tobias G.J. Louw, Aaron Levine, Wang Nan, Guido Strack, David Lewis, A.J. Brown, Paul Latimer, Tina Uys, Anna Lewicka-Strzalecka, Anna Wojciechowska-Nowak	book	This latest volume in this important international series discusses practical errors and wrongdoing considered under the action theory (praxiological) umbrella, linking these to ethical behavior....	September 2017
Ethics, Politics, and Whistleblowing in Engineering	Nicholas Sakellariou, Rania Milleron	book	The aim of this book is to generate a strong operational ethic in the work of engineers from all disciplines. It provides numerous examples of...	October 2018
Whistleblowing in the World: Government Policy, Mass Media and the Law	Thomas Devine, Srisombot Chokprajakchat, Carmen R. Apaza, Yongjin Chang	book	This book deploys an original comparative framework, as well as archival and pattern-matching research methodologies, to analyze whistleblowing cases from Peru, South Korea, Thailand and...	2017
International Handbook on Whistleblowing Research	A.J. Brown, David Lewis, Richard Moberly, Wim Vandekerckhove	book	In the modern age of institutions, whistleblowing is now established as one of the most important processes – if not the single most important process...	2014
The New Whistleblower's Handbook: A Step-By-Step Guide To Doing What's Right And Protecting Yourself	Stephen Kohn	book	The newest edition of The Whistleblower’s Handbook brings the most comprehensive and authoritative guide to exposing workplace wrongdoing up-to-date with new information on wildlife whistleblowing,...	2017
Bravehearts: Whistle-Blowing in the Age of Snowden	Mark Hertsgaard	book	Whistleblowers pay with their lives to save ours. When insiders like former NSA analyst Edward Snowden or ex-FBI agent Coleen Rowley or Big Tobacco truth-teller...	2016
No Place to Hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. Surveillance State	Glenn Greenwald	book	In May 2013, Glenn Greenwald set out for Hong Kong to meet an anonymous source who claimed to have astonishing evidence of pervasive government spying...	April 2015
Is Whistleblowing a Duty?	Emanuela Ceva, Michele Bocchiola	book	In this book, leading political philosophers Emanuela Ceva and Michele Bocchiola draw on well-known cases, such as those of Edward Snowden and Chelsea Manning, to...	January 2019
Whistleblower at the CIA: An Insider's Account of the Politics of Intelligence	Melvin A. Goodman	book	Melvin Goodman's long career as a respected intelligence analyst at the CIA, specializing in US/Soviet relations, ended abruptly. In 1990, after twenty-four years of service,...	May 2017
Whistleblowing: Toward a New Theory	Kate Kenny	book	Despite their substantial contribution to society, whistleblowers are considered martyrs more than heroes. When people expose serious wrongdoing in their organizations, they are often punished...	April 2019
Side Effects: A Prosecutor, a Whistleblower, and a Bestselling Antidepressant on Trial	Alison Bass	book	As the mental health reporter for the Boston Globe, Alison Bass's front-page reporting on conflicts of interest in medical research stunned readers, and her series...	June 2008
Extraordinary Circumstances: The Journey of a Corporate Whistleblower	Cooper Cynthia	book	The longer WorldCom Chief Audit Executive Cynthia Cooper stares at the entries in front of her, the more sinister they seem. But the CFO is...	March 2009
The Rise of the American Corporate Security State: Six Reasons to Be Afraid	Beatrice Edwards	book	Edward Snowden's dramatic NSA revelations are only the tip of an iceberg that threatens to sink the Constitution. As Beatrice Edwards reveals, a host of...	March 2014
Giving Voice to Values: How to Speak Your Mind When You Know What’s Right	Gentile Mary	book	How can you effectively stand up for your values when pressured by your boss, customers, or shareholders to do the opposite? Drawing on actual business...	February 2012
The Whistleblowers: Exposing Corruption in Government and Industry	Myron Peretz Glazer, Penina Migdal Glazer	book	Profiles those women and men who risk their careers, their marriages, and sometimes even their lives to call attention to illicit and dangerous practices in...	1989
Moral Courage	Rushworth M. Kidder	book	Why did a group of teenagers watch a friend die instead of putting their own reputations at risk? Why did a top White House official...	March 2006
An Enemy of the People	Henrick Ibsen, Arthur Miller	book	Dr. Stockmann attempts to expose a water pollution scandal in his home town which is about to establish itself as a spa. When his brother,...	1882
Whistleblowers: Incentives, Disincentives, and Protection Strategies	Frederick D. Lipman	book	In July 2010, President Obama signed the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act that greatly expanded whistleblower bounties in connection with violations of...	December 2011
Whistle-Blowing in Organizations	Marcia P. Miceli, Janet P. Near, Terry Morehead Dworkin	book	This is a research-based book on whistle-blowing in organizations. The three noted authors describe studies on this important topic and the implications of the research...	2008
Beautiful Souls: Saying No, Breaking Ranks, and Heeding the Voice of Conscience in Dark Times	Eyal Press	book	History has produced many specimens of the banality of evil, but what about its flip side, what impels ordinary people to defy the sway of...	February 2012
Traitor: The Whistleblower and the “American Taliban.	Jesselyn Radack	book	This is the the memoir of the Justice Department legal ethics advisor, Jesselyn Radack, who blew the whistle on government misconduct in the case of...	2012
Leaking: Who Does It? Who Benefits? At What Costs?	Elie Abel	book	The press has often been called the handmaiden of government. Certainly that was the case when journalists who covered government operations, whether at the federal,...	January 1987

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Tags	Publication Date
The Relationship Between Organisational Trust and Whistleblowing: A South African Case Study	Elli Binikos	book	Whistleblowing is a form of pro-social behaviour that occurs when a current or former employee reports organisational wrongdoing to any authority that is able to...		September 2009
The Man Who Shocked The World: The Life and Legacy of Stanley Milgram	Thomas Blass	book	Creator of the famous Obedience Experiments and originator of the “six degrees of separation theory, Stanley Milgram transformed our understanding of human nature and continues...		February 2009
Whistleblowing: Law and Practice	Jeremy Lewis, John Bowers, Martin Fodder, Jack Mitchell	book	This book provides a detailed survey of the law relating to public interest disclosure. It examines how the system has developed since the coming into...		May 2017
Whistleblowing: The New Law	John Bowers, Jeremy Lewis, Jack Mitchell	book	This title examines an important area of employment law which has been greatly altered by recent legislation, with widespread implications for all employers and employees....		1999
Public Service Ethics: Individual and Institutional Responsibilities	James S. Bowman, Jonathan P. West	book	Ethics—in all its exemplary and exhausting forms—matters. It deals with the most gripping question in public life: What is the right thing to do? Now...		2018
Whistleblowing in the Australian Public Sector: Enhancing the Theory and Practice of Internal Witness Management in Public Sector Organisations	A.J. Brown	book	Of the many challenges in public sector management, few are as complex as the management of whistleblowing. Because it can lead to the discovery and...		September 2008
Complying with Sarbanes-Oxley’s Whistleblower Provisions: Leading Lawyers on Understanding Whistleblower Provisions, Complying with Key Regulations, and Responding to Claims (Inside the Minds)	Stephen B. Stern, Scott E. Gross, Matthew T. Gomes, Stewart S. Manela, Brian S. Arbetter, Andrew J. Boling	book	Complying with Sarbanes-Oxley's Whistleblower Provisions provides the thoughts of leading lawyers on understanding whistleblower provisions, complying with key regulations, and responding to claims. Featuring partners...	Sarbanes Oxley	2009
Contemporary Debates on Corruption & Transparency: Rethinking State, Market and Society	Irma Eréndira Sandoval	book	Washington, DC : The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank ; [Mexico City, Mexico] : Institute for Social Research and Laboratory of...		2011
New Whistleblowing Regulations in the USA: How Sarbanes-Oxley Failed to Implement a Working Concept	Falko C. Daub	book	The Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 established new regulations concerning the treatment of whistleblowing employees and lawyers. The main objective for these new mechanisms was to prevent...	Sarbanes Oxley	February 2007
Unshielding the Shadow Culture: Queensland Whistleblower Study	William De Maria	book	Whistleblower Demographics, Occupational Profiles, Wrongdoing Analysis, Evaluation of Government Responses. (Notes by National Library of Australia, https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/323635)		1994
Wounded Workers: Queensland Whistleblower Study	William De Maria	book	Reprisals, financial effects, physical and emotional effects, value profile and value changes. (Notes by National Library of Australia, https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1998001)		1994
Deadly Disclosures: Whistleblowing and the ethical meltdown of Australia	William De Maria	book	Deadly Disclosures is a provocative analysis of the degeneration of public ethics in Australia. William De Maria's attack on public wrong-doing is carried on the...		1999
Corporate Whistleblowing in the Sarbanes-Oxley/Dodd-Frank Era	Michael Delikat, Renee B. Phillips	book	Corporate Whistleblowing in the Sarbanes-Oxley/Dodd-Frank Era helps you to understand the current legal and regulatory landscapes, and gives you practical advice on how to minimize...	Sarbanes Oxley	September 2011
Whistleblowers	Quentin Dempster	book	This account of a range of recent cases of 'whistleblowing' in Australia looks at cases that have arisen in organisations such as BHP, Westpac and...		1997
Whistleblowing research: methodological and moral issues	Frederick Elliston, John Keenan, Jane van Shaick, Paula Lockhart	book	A companion book to Whistleblowing: Managing Dissent in the Workplace by the same authors, this study explains and answers the methodological and moral questions they...		1985
Whistleblowing: Managing Dissent in the Workplace	Frederick Elliston, John Keenan, Jane van Shaick, Paula Lockhart	book	This study examines the legal, moral and strategic aspects of scientists and engineers in governmental and private organizations who go public disclosing illegal, immoral or...		1985
Secrets: A Memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon Papers	Daniel Ellsberg	book	In 1971 former Cold War hard-liner Daniel Ellsberg made history by releasing the Pentagon Papers – a 7,000-page top-secret study of U.S. decision-making in Vietnam...		September 2003
The Doomsday Machine: Confessions of a Nuclear War Planner	Daniel Ellsberg	book	Here, for the first time, former high-level defense analyst Daniel Ellsberg reveals his shocking firsthand account of America's nuclear program in the 1960s. From the...		December 2017
Enron and Other Corporate Fiascos: The Corporate Scandal Reader	Nancy B. Rapoport, Jeffrey D. Van Niel, Bala G. Dharan	book	This law school text explores the Enron debacle from a variety of different aspects. Essays analyze the business-government interactions and decisions that laid the foundations...		2009
The Pentagonists: An Insider's View of Waste, Mismanagement, and Fraud in Defense Spending	A. Ernest Fitzgerald	book	This personal story of the most famous Pentagon whisle blower, details the incompetence and corruption of Pentagon officials and defense contractors, from the Johnson administration...		February 1989
Freedom of Information: Local Government and Accountability	Robert G. Vaughn	book	This volume contains articles examining freedom of information statutes, including those protecting government employees who expose official misconduct. Using United States laws as examples, the...		December 2000
A Global Approach to Public Interest Disclosure: What Can We Learn from Existing Whistleblowing Legislation and Research?	David B. Lewis	book	Combining both theoretical and practical methods, this unique book offers a detailed examination of some of the key statutory provisions in the UK and explores...		2010
At What Cost?: A Whistleblower's Story	Paul Grauber	book	In late 2004, an inspector in the aeronautical industry made a life-changing decision to inform his employer about defective fuel line brackets being shipped for...		January 2010
A Whistleblower's Handbook	Louis B. Hansotte	book	A summary of the history and operation of federal and state False Claims Acts (also known as qui tam or Whistleblower's statutes). Includes procedures, how...		November 1999
False Claims Act: Whistleblower Litigation	James B. Helmer Jr.	book	Effectively litigate qui tam cases with this definitive treatise, which provides guidance and analysis of the False Claims Act and the legislative developments and judicial...	False Claims Act	2017

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
My Lai 4: A Report on the Massacre and Its Aftermath	Seymour M. Hersh	book	The story of the Vietnam war atrocity as told by Pulitzer winning journalist Seymour M. Hersh who traveled more than 50,000 miles around the United...	June 1970
Whistleblowing: A Guide to Government Reward Programs	Joel D. Hesch	book	The most successful whistleblowers receive up to $100 million in government rewards, but 80 percent receive nothing at all. Why is that? Written by a...	October 2007
Public Interest Whistleblowing: Twelve Years of the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998	Catherine Hobby	book	The ongoing problems faced by whistleblowers in the workplace are examined in this booklet. The author, Catherine Hobby analyses the impact of the Public Interest...	August 2010
Whistleblowing in the Health Service: Accountability, Law and Professional Practice	Geoffrey Hunt	book	Identifies aspects of accountability in health care provision, adopting a provocative question-answer approach to issues such as whistle blowing, disciplinary procedures, interprofessional relations, secrecy, confidentiality,...	December 1998
Whistleblowing in the Social Services: Public Accountability and Professional Practice	Geoffrey Hunt	book	A companion volume to earlier work titled: Whistleblowing in the health service : accountability, law and professional practice. (Description by National Library of Australia)	1988
Whistleblowing: When It Works—And Why	Roberta Ann Johnson	book	Whistleblowers can ruin lives—and can save them. Is it worth it? Roberta Ann Johnson explores when and how—and to what effect—people make the choice to...	2002
Whistleblowing & Retaliation: A Guide for Human Resources Professionals & Counsel	Gregory C. et. al Keating	book	Written by Edward T. Ellis, Gregory C. Keating and the Attorneys of Littler's Whistleblowing and Corporate Ethics Practice Group.Highlights of developments covered by the Sixth...	2016
Concepts and Procedures in Whistleblower Law	Stephen M. Kohn	book	Litigator, teacher, and scholar Stephen Kohn presents a comprehensive, unified examination of the 35 federal laws that protect whistleblowers and their rights, plus the common...	2001
The Whistleblower Litigation Handbook: Environmental, Nuclear, Health, and Safety Claims	Stephen M. Kohn	book	An essential tool for anyone filing a complaint under one of the seven federal whistleblower protection laws, it offers step-by-step guidance on how attorneys, unions...	June 1991
Whistleblower Law: A Guide to Legal Protections for Corporate Employees	Stephen M. Kohn	book	In the wake of the Enron implosion and the subsequent revelations of numerous cases of corporate misconduct, sweeping legislation was enacted to reform the system...	January 2004
The Labor Lawyer's Guide to the Rights and Responsibilities of Employee Whistleblowers	Stephen M. Kohn, Michael D. Kohn	book	Beginning with an overview of the jurisprudential and constitutional roots of whistleblower protection, the authors go on to outline the numerous legal remedies under both...	1988
Whistleblowing in the Soviet Union: Complaints and Abuses Under State Socialism	Nicholas Lampert	book	Includes: Abuse of Office in Soviet Law and Practice, Whistleblowing: Some Cases, Whistleblowers, Managers and the State, Soviet Law and the Security of Work (Table...	March 1985
Serpico	Peter Maas	book	The 1960s was a time of social and generational upheaval felt with particular intensity in the melting pot of New York City. A culture of...	January 2005
Suppression Stories	Brian Martin	book	Suppression Stories, describes experiences and insights from years of studying and opposing suppression of dissent. The book covers patterns of suppression, the problem of defamation,...	1997
The Whistleblower's Handbook: How to Be an Effective Resister	Brian Martin	book	This definitive manual for people who speak out in the public interest tells you how to assess options, prepare for action, use official channels, build...	1999
Blowing the Whistle: The Organizational and Legal Implications for Companies and Employees	Marcia Miceli, Janet Near	book	Whistle-blowing occurs in all types of organizations and in response to many kinds of wrongdoing. Whistle-blowers can increase the safety and effectiveness of their organization,...	May 1998
Whistleblowing at Work: Tough Choices in Exposing Fraud, Waste, and Abuse on the Job	Terance D. Miethe	book	Reactions to misconduct in the workplace are wide and varied. Some people feel no major compulsion to speak out and their organizations seem content with...	1999
Obedience to Authority	Stanley Milgram	book	A part of Harper Perennial’s special “Resistance Library highlighting classic works that illuminate our times: A special edition reissue of Stanley Milgram’s landmark examination of...	July 2017
Democracy and the Public Service	Frederick C. Mosher	book	This revised edition, like the original, concerns the problems of harmonizing effective governmental administration with the requirements of a democracy. It features a new chapter...	1982
American Public Administration: Past, Present, Future	Frederick C. Mosher	book	This collection of essays highlights the “peculiarly American issues of public administration ranging from 1870 to 1974, when they were first published. Every contributor was...	1975
Whistle Blowing: The Report of the Conference on Professional Responsibility	Ralph Nader, Peter J. Petkas, Kate Blackwell	book	Part 1. Keynotes on whistle blowing. An anatomy of whistle blowing / Ralph Nader -- The whistle blower as civil servant / William Proxmire -- The whistle...	1972
National Survey of State Laws	Richard A. Leiter	book	This guide aims to help readers make quick, state-by-state comparisons of current state laws - how they differ, and how they are similar - for...	1999
National Survey of State Laws (online database)	Richard A. Leiter	book	National Survey of State Laws (NSSL) is a print and online resource that provides an overall view of some of the most-asked about and controversial...	2019
Obedience to Authority: Current Perspectives on the Milgram Paradigm	Thomas Blass	book	Stanley Milgram's experiments on obedience to authority are among the most important psychological studies of this century. Perhaps because of the enduring significance of the...	1999
The My Lai massacre in American history and memory	Kendrick Oliver	book	On 16 March 1968, two US infantry companies entered a Vietnamese village and in the course of a single morning killed over 400 of its...	April 2006

Title	Attribution	Resource Type	Description	Publication Date
My Lai: A Brief History with Documents	James S. Olson, Randy Roberts	book	The massacre at My Lai on March 16, 1968 continues to haunt students of the Vietnam War as a moment that challenges notions of American...	January 1998
The Intellectual Crisis in American Public Administration	Vincent Ostrom	book	This revised and expanded third edition extends Ostrom’s analysis to account for the most resent developments in American politics, including those of the Clinton and...	2007
The Supreme Court and Whistleblowers: Teachers and Other Public Employees	Joseph Oluwole	book	Over the last roughly six decades since the United States Supreme Court first recognized a right for teachers and other public employees to blow the...	December 2008
The My Lai Inquiry	William R. Peers	book	The officer who headed the official inquiry into the My Lai massacre analyzes the failure of leadership that led to the incident and, maintaining that...	1979
Whistleblowing: Ethical and Legal Issues in Expressing Dissent	James C. Petersen, Dan Farrell	book	This module discusses the history of whistleblowing and some of the ethical ethical dilemmas faced by whistleblowers, including the conflicting values of loyalty to one’s...	1986
Caught Between Conscience and Career: Expose Abuse Without Exposing Your Identity	Tom Devine, Rebecca Jones, Andrea Peterson, Mandy Smithberger, Timothy Whitehouse	book	Published by Government Accountability Project in partnership with Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility and the Project On Government Oversight, Caught Between Conscience and Career is...	2019
The Canary in the Coalmine: Blowing the Whistle in the Case of American Taliban John Walker Lindh	Jesselyn Radack	book	A memoir by Jesselyn Radack about her time as a Department of Justice ethics officer and her experience blowing the whistle on the treatment of...	2006
The Whistleblower: Confessions of a Healthcare Hitman	Peter Rost	book	A number of books critical of the pharmaceutical industry have recently been published, but none has been an exposé written by a senior executive of...	2006
Undercover: How I Went from Company Man to FBI Spy -- and Exposed the Worst Healthcare Fraud in US History	John W. Schilling	book	When John Schilling, an unassuming midlevel accountant, joined Columbia Healthcare Corporation -- the nation's fastest growing and revolutionary network of public hospitals -- it seemed...	April 2010
Whistleblowing and Organizational Social Responsibility	Wim Vandekerckhove	book	Establishing a policy and building a culture that helps to protect organizations from financial wrong-doing, criminal or civil liability and permanent damage to corporate reputation...	2006
Merit Systems Protection Board: Rights and Remedies	Robert G. Vaughn	book	This authoritative volume guides you in practicing before the Merit Systems Protection Board and helps you understand the intricacies of the Civil Service Reform Act....	February 2018
American Juries: The Verdict	Neil Vidmar, Valerie P. Hans	book	Although the right to trial by jury is enshrined in the U.S. Constitution, in recent years both criminal and civil juries have been criticized as...	2007
Whistleblowing: Subversion or Corporate Citizenship?	Gerald Vinten	book	Whistleblowing - informing on illegal and unethical practices in the workplace - is becoming increasingly common as staff speak out about their ethical concerns at...	October 1994
Advising the Qui Tam Whistleblower: From Identifying a Case to Filing Under the False Claims Act	Robin Page West	book	If you are looking for complete and concise information to evaluate a client's potential claim, and to determine whether pursuit of a qui tam action...	June 2009
Whistle Blowing: Loyalty and Dissent in the Corporation	Alan F. Westin, Henry I. Kurtz, Albert Robbins	book	Presents the first-person accounts of employees who have spoken out on questions of corporate policy, product safety, and rights guaranteed to them by law and...	1981
AFGE: Then & Now : Proud to Make America Work	Suzan Erem	book	Introduction -- The founding years, 1932-1952 -- The growing years, 1952-1972 -- The struggle for balance, 1972-1982 -- The Reagan-Bush era, 1982-1992 -- Gaining here, losing there, 1992-1999 -- The Bush...	2010
Whistleblowing: The Law of Retaliatory Discharge	Daniel P. Westman, Nancy M. Modesitt	book	The 2006 cumulative supplement includes Significant DOL and Federal Court Decisions Interpreting the Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblower Provisions: DOL Administrative Review Board Rulings: in Welch v. Cardinal...	2006
It's Our Turn to Eat: The Story of a Kenyan Whistle-Blower	Michela Wrong	book	In January 2003, Kenya was hailed as a model of democracy after the peaceful election of its new president, Mwai Kibaki. By appointing respected longtime...	June 2010
Whistleblowing Around the World: Law, Culture & Practice	Richard Calland, Guy Dehn	book	An examination of American, Australasian, British, Japanese and South African legislative protection. It is a resource for professionals, practitioners and activists, describing civil society responses...	2004
Whistleblowing at Work	David B. Lewis	book	Whistleblowing has become a burning issue in contemporary society. When is whistleblowing appropriate? How is it best carried out? And how should managers and employers...	August 2001
The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil	Philip Zimbardo	book	The definitive firsthand account of the groundbreaking research of Philip Zimbardo—the basis for the award-winning film The Stanford Prison Experiment. Renowned social psychologist and creator...	January 2008
Retaliation and Whistleblowers: Proceedings of the New York University 60th Annual Conference on Labor	Paul M. Secunda	book	Each year, the New York University Annual Conference on Labor calls on outstanding scholars and practitioners in the field to come together to survey and...	December 2009
Ethics for Bureaucrats: An Essay on Law and Values	John Rohr	book	This important text integrates the study of ethics into public management training, highlighting Supreme Court opinions on three specific constitutional values-equality, freedom, and property-focusing on...	December 1998
Whistleblowing Around the World: Law, Culture & Practice	Richard Calland, Guy Dehn	book	An examination of American, Australasian, British, Japanese and South African legislative protection. It is a resource for professionals, practitioners and activists, describing civil society responses...	2004

Whistleblowing Library Curated by Government Accountability Project

Whistleblowing Library
Curated by Government Accountability Project